Holmes, The Later Middle Ages, 1272-1485 (1966)

George Holmes.
The Later Middle Ages, 1272-1485.
New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1966.

Book Information: Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.

Book Series: The Norton Library History of England.

Originally published: Edinburgh: Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd., 1962.

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Author Information:

• George Holmes (1927–2009), Wikipedia.
• George Holmes. Europe: Hierarchy and Revolt, 1320-1450, Second Edition. Oxford: Blackwell, 2000.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• George Holmes. Florence, Rome, and the Origins of the Renaissance. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• George Holmes, editor. The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988, 1990, 2001.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• George Holmes, editor. The Oxford History of Medieval Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992, 2001.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• George Holmes, editor. The Oxford Illustrated History of Italy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997, 2001.
  [Google Books; Amazon.com.]

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Wikipedia Articles, In Our Time, Books, etc.:

• England in the Middle Ages, Fifth Century to Fifteenth Century.
• England in the Late Middle Ages, from the Thirteenth Century, the end of the Angevins, and the accession of Henry III until the accession to the throne of the Tudor dynasty in 1485.
• Historians of England in the Middle Ages.
• Economy of England in the Middle Ages.
• Feudalism.
• Feudalism in England.
• Bastard feudalism, a Nineteenth Century historian's description of English feudalism as it decayed in the Late Middle Ages.
• Medieval English wool trade.
• The Staple.
• Merchants of the Staple, English exporters, especially of wool.
• Company of Merchant Adventurers of London.
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• Crisis of the Late Middle Ages (famine, plague, social unrest).
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• Oxford Franciscan school.
• Robert Grosseteste (c.1175–1253), Bishop of Lincoln 1235–1253.
• European science in the Middle Ages.
• Roger Bacon (c.1219/20–c.1292).
• Melvyn Bragg, Jack Cunningham, Amanda Power, Elly Truitt, "Roger Bacon," In Our Time, BBC Radio 4, 20 Apr 2017.
• Duns Scotus (c.1266–1308).
• William of Ockham (c.1287–1347).
  • William of Ockham. A Short Discourse on Tyrannical Government. Translated by John Kilcullen. Edited by Arthur Stephen McGrade. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
  • William of Ockham. 'A Letter to the Friars Minor' and Other Writings. Translated by John Kilcullen. Edited by Arthur Stephen McGrade and John Kilcullen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Sentences of Peter Lombard, mid Twelfth Century.
• Melvyn Bragg, Anthony Kenny, Marilyn Adams, Richard Cross, "Ockham's Razor," In Our Time, BBC Radio 4, 31 May 2007.
• Medieval university.
• Melvyn Bragg, Miri Rubin, Ian Wei, Peter Denley, "The Medieval University," In Our Time, BBC Radio 4, 17 Mar 2011.

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Henry III:

• Henry III of England (1207–1272), King of England 1216–1272.
• Parliament in the reign of Henry III.
• Provisions of Oxford, 1258.
• Second Barons' War, 1264–1267.
• Ninth Crusade, 1271–1272.

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Edward I:

• Edward I of England (1239–1307), The Lord Edward, Edward Longshanks, Hammer of the Scots; King of England 1272–1307.
• The emergence of parliament as an institution.
• Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (c.1223–1282), Price of Wales 1246–1282.
• Conquest of Wales by Edward I of England, 1277–1283.
• Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd.
• First War of Scottish Independence, 1296-1328.

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Edward II:

• Edward II of England (1284–1327), King of England 1307–1327.
• Ordinances of 1311, barons restricted the power of Edward II; repealed May 1322.
• Robert the Bruce (1274–1329), King of Scots 1306–1329.
• Battle of Bannockburn, June 1314.
• Melvyn Bragg, Matthew Strickland, Fiona Watson, Michael Brown, "The Battle of Bannockburn," In Our Time, BBC Radio 4, 3 Feb 2011.
• Great Famine of 1315–1317.
• Crisis of the Late Middle Ages.
• Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster (c.1278–1322), a leader of the baronial opposition to Edward II.
• Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March (1287–1330), a leader of the baronial opposition to Edward II.
• Isabella of France (1295–1358), Queen of England as the wife of Edward II; regent of England 1327–1330.
• Despenser War, 1321–1322, baronial revolt against Edward II.
• Invasion of England (1326) led by Roger Mortimer and Isabella of France.
• Parliament of 1327, deposed Edward II.
• Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton, 1328.

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Edward III:

• Edward III of England (1312–1377), King of England 1327–1377.
• Hundred Years' War, 1337–1453.
  Major phases:
  • the Edwardian War, 1337–1360.
  • the Caroline War, 1369–1389.
  • the Lancastrian War, 1415–1453.
• William de la Pole (d. 1366), wool merchant, financier, royal moneylender, Chief Baron of the Exchequer 1339–13##.
• Battle of Crécy, 26 August 1346. [Hundred Years' War]
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• Black Death, peak years 1347–1351.
• Black Death in England, reached England in June 1348; recurred in England 1361−1362 ("Second Pestilence" or "Pestilence of the Children"), 1369, 1375, 1471, 1479–1480, 1603-1611, 1665–1666. (Second plague pandemic.)
• Consequences of the Black Death.
• Crisis of the Late Middle Ages.
• Statute of Labourers 1351.
• Deserted medieval village.
• Melvyn Bragg, Miri Rubin, Samuel Cohn, Paul Binski, "The Black Death," In Our Time, BBC Radio 4, 22 May 2008.
• Richard Evans, "The Great Plagues: The Black Death," Gresham College, 25 September 2012.
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• Battle of Poitiers, 19 September 1356. [Hundred Years' War]
• Treaty of Brétigny, drafted at Brétigny on 8 May 1360, ratified on 24 October 1360 as the Treaty of Calais. [Hundred Years' War]
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• Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster (c.1310–1361).
• Edward the Black Prince (1330–1376), Edward of Woodstock, the Black Prince; eldest son of King Edward III.
• John of Gaunt (1340–1399), Duke of Lancaster; son of King Edward III; patron of Geoffrey Chaucer.
• Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester (1355–1397), son of King Edward III.
• Blanche of Lancaster (1342–1368), daughter of Henry of Grosmont; first wife of John of Gaunt; mother of Henry Bolingbroke (Henry IV of England).
• Hundred Years' War (1369–89), the Caroline War.

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Richard II:

• Richard II of England (1367–1400), King of England 1377–1399; deposed in 1399.
• Western Schism, 1378–1417.
• Peasants' Revolt, 1381, also named Wat Tyler's Rebellion or the Great Rising.
  • John Ball (c.1338–1381).
  • Wat Tyler (d. 1381).
• Melvyn Bragg, Miri Rubin, Caroline Barron, Alastair Dunn, "The Peasants' Revolt," In Our Time, BBC Radio 4, 16 November 2006.
• Crisis of the Late Middle Ages.
• Wonderful Parliament, November 1386; imposed restrictions on the rule of Richard II.
• Lords Appellant.
• Merciless Parliament, February to June 1388; members of Richard II's court convicted of treason; most were executed.
• Truce of Leulinghem, effective 18 July 1389. [Hundred Years' War]
• Wilton Diptych, c.1395–1399.
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• The Tyranny of Richard II, 1397–1399:
  • Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester (1355–1397), murdered on 8/9 September 1397 presumably on behalf of Richard II.
  • Richard FitzAlan, Earl of Arundel (1346–1397), arrested on 12 July 1397, beheaded on 21 September 1397.
  • Thomas Arundel (1353–1414), Bishop of Ely 1373-1388; Archbishop of York 1388-1396; Lord Chancellor 1386-1389 and 1391-1396; Archbishop of Canterbury 1396-1414; exiled by Richard II in 1397.
  • Bolingbroke and Mowbray exiled by Richard II, October 1398.
  • Parliament of Shrewsbury, 1398; declared all the acts of the Merciless Parliament to be null and void; made Richard II an absolute ruler.
• Downfall of Richard II, August 1399.

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Fourteenth Century Literature, Religion:

• Geoffrey Chaucer (c.1343–1400), bureaucrat, courtier, diplomat, poet.
  • The Book of the Duchess, composed 1368 to early-1370s.
  • Troilus and Criseyde, composed mid-1380s.
  • The Canterbury Tales, composed late-1380s to 1400.
• Melvyn Bragg, Carolyne Larrington, Helen Cooper, Ardis Butterfield, "Chaucer," In Our Time, BBC Radio 4, 9 Feb 2006.
• William Langland (c.1332–c.1386). Piers Plowman, c.1370–1390.
  Piers Plowman tradition.
• Gawain Poet (Fourteenth Century).
• Melvyn Bragg, Laura Ashe, Ad Putter, Simon Armitage, "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight," In Our Time, BBC Radio 4, 13 Dec 2018.
• John Wycliffe (1320s–1384).
  Wycliffe's Bible, 1382–1395.
• Lollardy, the Lollard movement, mid-Fourteenth Century.
• Melvyn Bragg, Anthony Kenny, Anne Hudson, Rob Lutton, "Wyclif and the Lollards," In Our Time, BBC Radio 4, 16 Jun 2011.

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Henry IV:

• Henry IV of England (1367–1413), Henry Bolingbroke, King of England 1399–1413.
• House of Lancaster (Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI).
• Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland (1341–1408).
• Owain Glyndŵr (c.1359–c.1415), Prince of Wales 1404–c.1415; led Welch revolt 1400–1415.
• Glyndŵr Rising, 1400–1415.
• Melvyn Bragg, Huw Pryce, Helen Fulton, Chris Given-Wilson, "Owain Glyndwr," In Our Time, BBC Radio 4, 31 Jan 2019.
• Henry Percy (Hotspur) (1364–1403).
• Battle of Shrewsbury, 21 July 1403.

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Henry V:

• Henry V of England (1386–1422), Henry of Monmouth, King of England 1413–1422.
• Oldcastle Revolt, 1414.
  John Oldcastle (c.1360/78–1417).
• John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (1389–1435), brother of Henry V.
• Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (1390–1447), brother of Henry V.
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• Hundred Years' War (1415–53), the Lancastrian War.
• Battle of Agincourt, 25 October 1415. [Hundred Years' War]
• Melvyn Bragg, Anne Curry, Michael Jones, John Watts, "Agincourt," In Our Time, BBC Radio 4, 16 Sep 2004.
• Helen Castor, "Agincourt or Azincourt?: Victory, Defeat and the War of 1415," Gresham College, 22 October 2015.
• Treaty of Troyes, 21 May 1420. [Hundred Years' War]

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Henry VI:

• Henry VI of England (1421–1471), King of England 1422–1461 and 1470–1471.
• Regency government, 1422–1437; this article lists the members of the Regency Council.
• Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (1390–1447), uncle of Henry VI, Lord Protector of England during the minority of his nephew.
• Henry Beaufort (c.1375–1447).
• Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick (1428–1471), Warwick the Kingmaker, "the wealthiest and most powerful English peer of his age."
• Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset (c.1406–1455).
• Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York (1411–1460), Richard Plantagenet, father of Edward IV and Richard III.
• William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk (1396–1450), a favourite of Henry VI.
• Wars of the Roses, 1455–1487.
• House of York.
• House of Lancaster.
• Margaret of Anjou (1430–1482), Queen of England by marriage to King Henry VI 1445–1461 and 1470–1471.
• Melvyn Bragg, Katherine Lewis, James Ross, Joanna Laynesmith, "Margaret of Anjou," In Our Time, BBC Radio 4, 24 May 2018. (Includes a reading list.)
• Battle of Towton, 29 March 1461.
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• Siege of Orléans, October 1428 – May 1429. [Hundred Years' War]
• Yolande of Aragon (1384–1442), mother-in-law of Charles VII.
• Charles VII of France (1403–1461), Dauphin of France 1418–1422; King of France 1422–1461.
• Joan of Arc (c.1412–1431), "The Maid of Orléans".
• Melvyn Bragg, Anne Curry, Malcolm Vale, Matthew Bennett, "The Siege of Orléans," In Our Time, BBC Radio 4, 24 May 2007.
• Michael Portillo, "Joan of Arc," Things We Forgot to Remember, BBC Radio 4, 02 Oct 2012.
• Fall of Constantinople, 6 April – 29 May 1453.
• Battle of Castillon, 17 July 1453. [Hundred Years' War]

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Edward IV:

• Edward IV of England (1442–1483), King of England 1461–1470 and 1471–1483; the first Yorkist King of England.
• House of York.
• Elizabeth Woodville (c.1437–1492), Queen consort of England, as the spouse of King Edward IV from 1464 until his death in 1483; mother of the "Princes in the Tower" and Elizabeth of York, who married Henry VII.
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• Readeption of Henry VI, "the restoration of Henry VI of England to the throne of England in 1470."
• Battle of Barnet, 14 April 1471.
  Deaths of Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick and John Neville, Marquess of Montagu.
• Battle of Tewkesbury, 4 May 1471.
• Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales (1453–1471), only son of King Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou; died at the Battle of Tewkesbury.
• Restoration of Edward IV, May 1471.

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Edward V:

• Edward V of England (1470–c.1483), son of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville.
• Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York (1473–c.1483), son of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville.
• Richard Plantagenet, Duke of Gloucester (1452–1485), Duke of Gloucester 1461–1485; Lord Protector of the realm for Edward V in 1483.
• Princes in the Tower, imprisoned May and June 1483.

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Richard III:

• Richard III of England (1452–1485), King of England 1483–1485.
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• Battle of Bosworth Field, 22 August 1485.
• Wars of the Roses, 1455–1487.
• Melvyn Bragg, Helen Castor, Colin Richmond, Steven Gunn, "The Wars of the Roses," In Our Time, BBC Radio 4, 18 May 2000.
• Paston Letters, 1422–1509.
  • The Paston Letters. Edited by Norman Davis. Oxford World's Classics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Melvyn Bragg, Emma Smith, Gordon McMullan, Katherine Lewis, "Is Shakespeare History? The Plantagenets," In Our Time, BBC Radio 4, 11 Oct 2018.

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Henry VII:

• Henry VII of England (1457–1509), Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond 1457–1509; King of England 1485–1509.
• House of Tudor.
• Elizabeth of York (1466–1503), daughter of King Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville; wife of Henry VII, and thus the first Tudor queen; mother of Henry VIII.

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Literature, Religion, Philosophy, etc.:

• Gustav Milne, "The Growth of London as a Port from Roman to Medieval Times," Gresham College, 17 October 2016.
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• William Caxton (c.1422–c.1491), produced the first book printed in England in 1476.
• Melvyn Bragg, Richard Gameson, Julia Boffey, David Rundle, "Caxton and the Printing Press," In Our Time, BBC Radio 4, 18 Oct 2012. (Includes a reading list.)
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• Laura Ashe, editor. Early Fiction in England: From Geoffrey of Monmouth to Chaucer. London: Penguin Classics, 2015.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
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• John Mandeville (Fourteenth Century).
  • John Mandeville. The Book of Marvels and Travels. Translated by Anthony Bale. Oxford World's Classics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
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• Julian of Norwich (late 1342 – after 1416). Revelations of Divine Love, early Fifteenth Century.
  • Julian of Norwich. Revelations of Divine Love. Translated by Barry Windeatt. Oxford World's Classics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
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• Margery Kempe (c. 1373 – after 1438). The Book of Margery Kempe, Fifteenth Century.
  • Margery Kempe. The Book of Margery Kempe. Translated by Anthony Bale. Oxford World's Classics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Melvyn Bragg, Miri Rubin, Katherine Lewis, Anthony Bale, "Margery Kempe and English Mysticism," In Our Time, BBC Radio 4, 2 Jun 2016. (Includes a reading list.)
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• John Fortescue (c.1394–1479). De Laudibus Legum Angliae (Commendation of the Laws of England), c.1543.
  • Sir John Fortescue. On the Laws and Governance of England. Edited by Shelly Lockwood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
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• Christine de Pizan (1364–c.1430). The Book of the City of Ladies, 1405.
  • Christine de Pizan. The Book of the City of Ladies. Translated by Rosalind Brown-Grant. Harmondsworth: Penguin Classics, 1999.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
  • Christine de Pizan. The Treasure of the City of Ladies. Translated by Sarah Lawson. London: Penguin Classics, 2003.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Melvyn Bragg, Helen Swift, Miranda Griffin, Marilynn Desmond, "Christine de Pizan," In Our Time, BBC Radio 4, 8 Jun 2017. (Includes a reading list.)
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• Mabinogion, compiled in Middle Welsh in the 12th–13th centuries from earlier oral traditions.
  • The Mabinogion. Translated by Sioned Davies. Oxford World's Classics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Wales in the Middle Ages.
• Melvyn Bragg, Sioned Davies, Helen Fulton, Juliette Wood, "The Mabinogion," In Our Time, BBC Radio 4, 10 May 2018. (Includes a reading list.)
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• Tristan and Iseult.
• Melvyn Bragg, Laura Ashe, Juliette Wood, Mark Chinca, "Tristan and Iseult," In Our Time, BBC Radio 4, 31 Dec 2015. (Includes a reading list.)
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• Matter of Britain.
• Thomas Malory (c.1415–1471). Le Morte d'Arthur, 1485.
  • Thomas Malory. Le Morte Darthur. Edited by Helen Cooper. Oxford World's Classics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Melvyn Bragg, Helen Cooper, Helen Fulton, Laura Ashe, "Le Morte d'Arthur," In Our Time, BBC Radio 4, 10 Jan 2013. (Includes a reading list.)
• Fisher King.
• Melvyn Bragg, Carolyne Larrington, Stephen Knight, Juliette Wood, "The Fisher King," In Our Time, BBC Radio 4, 17 Jan 2008.
• Holy Grail.
• Melvyn Bragg, Carolyne Larrington, Jonathan Riley-Smith, Juliette Wood, "The Holy Grail," In Our Time, BBC Radio 4, 15 May 2003.
• Merlin.
• Melvyn Bragg, Juliette Wood, Stephen Knight, Peter Forshaw, "Merlin," In Our Time, BBC Radio 4, 30 Jun 2005.
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• Marco Polo (1254–1324). The Travels of Marco Polo, c.1300.
• Melvyn Bragg, Frances Wood, Joan Pau Rubies, Debra Higgs Strickland, "Marco Polo," In Our Time, BBC Radio 4, 24 May 2012.
• Genghis Khan (c.1162–1227).
• Kublai Khan (1215–1294).
• Mongol Empire, Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries.
• Golden Horde, 1240s–1502.
• Marco Polo. The Travels of Marco Polo. Translated by Ronald Latham. Harmondsworth: Penguin Classics, 1958.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Marco Polo. The Travels of Marco Polo. Translated by Nigel Cliff. Harmondsworth: Penguin Classics, 2015.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
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• Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406). Muqaddimah, 1377.
• Melvyn Bragg, Robert Hoyland, Robert Irwin, Hugh Kennedy, "Ibn Khaldun," In Our Time, BBC Radio 4, 04 Feb 2010.
• Ibn Khaldun. The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History, Abridged Edition. Translated by Franz Rosenthal. Edited by N. J. Dawood. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1967.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Al-Andalus, Muslim Spain.
• Black Death, mid Fourteenth Century.
• Ibn al-Khatib (1313–1374).
• Mamluk.
  Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo), 1250–1517.
• Timur (1336–1405), known as Tamerlane.
  Timurid Empire, 1370–1507.
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• Dante Alighieri (c.1265–1321).
• Divine Comedy, begun c.1308, completed in 1320.
• Inferno.
• Melvyn Bragg, Margaret Kean, John Took, Claire Hones, "Dante's Inferno," In Our Time, BBC Radio 4, 23 Oct 2008.
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• Polydore Vergil (c.1470–1555). Anglica Historia, drafted by 1513; printed 1534.

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Previous volumes in The Norton Library History of England series:

• Blair, Roman Britain and Early England: 55 B.C. - A.D. 871 (1966).
• Brooke, From Alfred to Henry III, 871-1272 (1966).

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