Altgeld's America: The Lincoln Ideal Versus Changing Realities.
New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1958.
Reprinted:
Ray Ginger.
Altgeld's America: The Lincoln Ideal Versus Changing Realities.
With a new introduction by Gary Gerstle.
Princeton, New Jersey: Markus Wiener Publishing, 1986; 2010.
Various editions of the book have dust jackets or covers with a subtitle indicating the date range of the period covered by the book as 1892-1905; the Markus Wiener edition has the more explicit cover subtitle "Chicago from 1892-1905". However, these dates do not appear in the book's title on the title page.
Book Information: Google Books, 1958; Amazon.com, 1958; Amazon.com, 2010.
(I read a copy of the 1958 edition so I haven't seen all of Gary Gerstle's introduction.)
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Author Information:
- Ray Ginger (1924–1975), Wikipedia.
- Ray Ginger. The Bending Cross: A Biography of Eugene Victor Debs. Rutgers University Press, 1949. Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2007.
[Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.] - Ray Ginger. Six Days or Forever?: Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes. Boston: Beacon Press, 1958. Oxford University Press, 1974.
[Wikipedia; Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.] - Ray Ginger. American Social Thought. New York: Hill and Wang, 1961.
[Google Books; Amazon.com.] - Ray Ginger. Age of Excess: The United States from 1877 to 1914. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1965; 1975. Waveland Press, 1989.
[Google Books; Amazon.com, 1965; Amazon.com, 1975; Amazon.com, 1989.] - Ray Ginger. The Nationalizing of American Life, 1877-1900. (Sources in American History.) New York: Free Press, 1965.
[Google Books; Amazon.com.] - Ray Ginger. Ray Ginger's Jokebook about American History. New Viewpoints, 1974.
[Google Books; Amazon.com.]
Notes and Wikipedia Articles, by Chapter
Excerpt from the Prologue (page 14):
Here is the story of these men and women, of the city they lived in, the visions they had, and of their efforts to remake the city. But it is not the story of Chicago alone; for it tells of how industrialism came to the world, arm in arm with the search for profit, and of the troubles the marriage made, and of how people of noble purpose labored to overcome those troubles.
- History of Chicago.
- Progressive Era.
- John Peter Altgeld (1847–1902).
Chapter 1: White City in the Muck
- World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago World's Fair, 01 May – 30 October, 1893.
- Daniel Burnham (1846–1912).
- Charles B. Atwood (1849–1895).
- John Wellborn Root (1850–1891).
- Louis Sullivan (1856–1924).
- Frank Lloyd Wright (1867–1959).
Chapter 2: The Haymarket Bomb
- Haymarket affair, May 1886.
- George Engel (1836–1887).
- Albert Parsons (1848–1887).
- August Spies (1855–1887).
- Adolph Fischer (1858–1887).
- Louis Lingg (1864–1887), suicide.
Chapter 3: The Pardon
- John Peter Altgeld (1847–1902), Governor of Illinois 1893–1897.
- John P. Altgeld. Reasons for Pardoning Fielden, Neebe and Schwab. Chicago, 1893.
[Archive.org, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Archive.org, Southern Illinois University.]
- Samuel Fielden (1847–1922).
- Oscar Neebe (1850–1916).
- Michael Schwab (1853–1898).
Chapter 4: The Grey Wolves and Their Flock
- Gray Wolves of Chicago.
- Michael "Hinky Dink" Kenna (1858–1946), Chicago Alderman 1897–1923.
- "Bathhouse" John Coughlin (1860–1938), Chicago Alderman 1892–1938.
- John "Johnny De Pow" Powers (1852–1930), Chicago Alderman 1888–1903, 1904–1927.
- Maureen A. Flanagan, "Grey Wolves," Encyclopedia of Chicago.
Chicago Businessmen:
- Cyrus McCormick (1809–1884).
- George Pullman (1831–1897).
- Philip Danforth Armour (1832–1901).
- Richard T. Crane (1832–1912).
- Marshall Field (1834–1906).
- Lyman J. Gage (1836–1927).
- Charles Yerkes (1837–1905).
- Gustavus Franklin Swift (1839–1903).
- Aaron Montgomery Ward (1844–1913).
- John Warne Gates (1855–1911).
- Charles R. Crane (1858–1939).
- Samuel Insull (1859–1938).
- Richard Warren Sears (1863–1914).
- Alvah Curtis Roebuck (1864–1948).
Chapter 5: The Women of Hull-House
- Julia Lathrop (1858–1932).
- Florence Kelley (1859–1932).
- Ellen Gates Starr (1859–1940).
- Jane Addams (1860–1935).
- Sophonisba Breckinridge (1866–1948).
- Margaret Dreier Robins (1868–1945).
- Alice Hamilton (1869–1970).
(Note: Alice Hamilton was a sister of Edith Hamilton (1867–1963), classicist and author of popular books on ancient Greece and Rome.) - Mary Ann Johnson, "Hull House," Encyclopedia of Chicago.
- Louise Carroll Wade, "Settlement Houses," Encyclopedia of Chicago.
Chapter 6: The Compulsory Heaven at Pullman
- Pullman Palace Car Company, founded 1867.
- George Pullman (1831–1897).
- Pullman, Chicago, Illinois.
- Panic of 1893.
- Pullman Strike, May 1894.
- American Railway Union.
- Eugene V. Debs (1855–1926).
- Jane Addams (1860–1935), "A Modern Lear," Survey, Volume 29, Number 5, Pages 131-137, 02 November 1912. [Written in 1894.]
Reprinted in: Satellite Cities: A Study of Industrial Suburbs. Edited by Graham Romeyn Taylor. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1915. Pages 68-90.
["A Modern Lear" PDF at University of Illinois, Chicago;
"A Modern Lear" from Satellite Cities at The Newberry Library;
Satellite Cities at Archive.org, Toronto copy;
Satellite Cities at Google Books, Michigan copy.]
Chapter 7: Anti-Monopoly
- John Peter Altgeld (1847–1902), Governor of Illinois 1893–1897.
- 1896 Democratic National Convention, Chicago, 07-11 July.
- William Jennings Bryan presidential campaign, 1896.
- United States presidential election, 1896, McKinley versus Bryan.
- Carter Harrison Jr. (1860–1953), Mayor of Chicago 1897–1905 and 1911–1915.
Chapter 8: Education Comes from Life
- Thorstein Veblen (1857–1929), Instructor at the University of Chicago 1892–190#.
- Thorstein Veblen. The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study of Institutions. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1899; 1912.
[Wikipedia; Archive.org, 1912.]
Reprinted: Thorstein Veblen. The Theory of the Leisure Class. Edited with an Introduction and Notes by Robert Lekachman. Penguin Classics, 1994.
[Publisher; Amazon.com.]
Reprinted: Thorstein Veblen. The Theory of the Leisure Class. (Dover Thrift Editions.) Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, 1994.
[Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
Reprinted: Thorstein Veblen. The Theory of the Leisure Class. Edited with an Introduction and Notes by Martha Banta. Oxford University Press, 2007.
[Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.] - John Dewey (1859–1952), Professor at the University of Chicago 1894–1904.
- University of Chicago Laboratory Schools, founded by John Dewey in 1896.
Chapter 9: Criminal Law
- Clarence Darrow (1857–1938).
- John P. Altgeld (1847–1902). Our Penal Machinery and Its Victims. 1884. New and Revised Edition. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Company, 1886. Live Questions: including Our Penal Machinery and Its Victims. Chicago: Donohue & Henneberry, 1890.
[Archive.org, 1886; Archive.org, 1890.] - Carter Harrison Sr. (1825–1893), Mayor of Chicago 1879–1887 and 1893.
Harrison was assassinated on 28 October 1893 by Patrick Eugene Prendergast (1868–1894).
Darrow attempted an insanity defense to prevent Prendergast's execution. - American juvenile justice system: Early 1900s.
"The nation's first juvenile court was formed in Illinois in 1899...." - L. Mara Dodge, "Juvenile Justice Reform," Encyclopedia of Chicago.
- Edgar Lee Masters (1868–1950), a law partner of Clarence Darrow 1903–1908; later known as a poet.
- Sam Mitrani and Christine Lamberson, "The Rise of the Chicago Police Department," New Books Network, 03 November 2015.
(This is audio of a 50 minute interview with the author.) - Sam Mitrani. The Rise of the Chicago Police Department: Class and Conflict, 1850-1894. Urbana-Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2013.
[Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
Chapter 10: Leisure-Class Reform
- Chicago Woman's Club.
- W. T. Stead (1849–1912). If Christ Came to Chicago! London: The Review of Reviews, 1894.
[Archive.org.] - Municipal Voters' League, History of Chicago Politics (website).
- Georg Leidenberger, "Civic Federation of Chicago," founded 1893, Encyclopedia of Chicago.
- City Club of Chicago, founded 1903.
- Jon C. Teaford, "Good Government Movements," Encyclopedia of Chicago.
- Chicago Teachers Federation (CTF), founded 1897.
- Chicago Federation of Labor (CFL), founded 1896. Later Organizations:
- Chicago Bureau of Public Efficiency (1910–1932).
- Chicago Vice Commission.
- Mary Linehan, "Vice Commissions," Encyclopedia of Chicago.
- The Levee, Chicago (1880s–1912).
Chapter 11: The Road Back
- This chapter and the next focus mainly on the long political battle to move streetcar operations out of private hands and into municipal ownership. A major step was the passage of the Mueller Act by the Illinois legislature in 1904 which authorized municipalities to form public utility corporations and issue bonds. The next major step required the city council and mayor to implement this strategy by denying franchise renewals to private companies operating existing streetcar lines or by establishing new streetcar lines. Instead, private streetcar operators submitted to more stringent scrutiny and improved customer service. (Note, acronym frequently used: IMO = immediate municipal ownership. The reformers' cry.)
- David M. Young, "Street Railways," Encyclopedia of Chicago.
- David M. Young, "Public Transportation," Encyclopedia of Chicago.
- "The Week," The Outlook, Volume 76, Number 16, Pages 903-905, 16 April 1904.
(This is an account of the passage and implications of the Mueller Act.) - Thomas R. Pegram, "Streetcar Politics," Pages 137-148 in Partisans and Progressives: Private Interest and Public Policy in Illinois, 1870-1922. Urbana-Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1992.
[Google Books; Amazon.com.] - Georg Leidenberger. Chicago's Progressive Alliance: Labor and the Bid for Public Streetcars. DeKalb, Illinois: Northern Illinois University Press, 2006.
[Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
Chapter 12: Mottled Victory
- 1904 Democratic National Convention, St. Louis.
- United States presidential election, 1904, Roosevelt versus Parker.
- Clarence Darrow (1857–1938), member of the Illinois state legislature 190#-190# and special advisor to Mayor Dunne during 1905.
- Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne (1853–1937), Mayor of Chicago 1905–1907.
Chapter 13: Conquest by Imagination
Cultural Institutions
- Art Institute of Chicago.
- Chicago Symphony Orchestra.
Theodore Thomas (1835–1905), music director of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra 1891–1905. - University of Chicago.
William Rainey Harper (1856–1906), president of the University of Chicago 1891–1906. - Chicago Public Library.
- Newberry Library.
- Chicago Theological Seminary, founded 1855.
- Henry Blake Fuller (1857–1929). The Cliff-Dwellers: A Novel. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1893.
[Archive.org, California; Archive.org, Toronto.] - Robert Herrick (1868–1938). The Gospel of Freedom. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1898.
[Archive.org, Toronto; Archive.org, California.] - Robert Herrick (1868–1938). The Web of Life. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1900.
[Google Books, Michigan; Archive.org, Michigan.] - Robert Herrick (1868–1938). The Common Lot. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1904.
[Google Books, Wisconsin; Archive.org, California; Archive.org, Toronto.] - Upton Sinclair (1878–1968). The Jungle. New York: Doubleday, Page & Company, 1906. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1906.
[Wikipedia; Archive.org, Doubleday; Archive.org, Grosset.]
Reprinted: Upton Sinclair. The Jungle. Introduction by Ronald Gottesman. Penguin Classics, 1989.
[Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
Reprinted: Upton Sinclair. The Jungle. (Dover Thrift Editions.) Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, 2001.
[Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
Reprinted: Upton Sinclair. The Jungle. (Bedford Series in History and Culture.) Introduction by Christopher Phelps. New York: Bedford/St. Martin's (Macmillan), 2005.
[Google Books; Amazon.com.]
Reprinted: Upton Sinclair. The Jungle. Oxford University Press, 2010.
[Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
Ginger observes that Sinclair was no artist: "The Jungle was an amazingly successful instrument of reform, but hardly a novel at all." (page 317) - Theodore Dreiser (1871–1945). Sister Carrie. New York: Doubleday, Page & Co, 1900.
[Wikipedia; Archive.org.]
Reprinted: Theodore Dreiser. Sister Carrie, Jennie Gerhardt, Twelve Men. Edited by Richard Lehan. New York: Library of America, 1987.
[Publisher; Amazon.com.]
Ginger thinks highly of Sister Carrie and uses it to frame many of his comments in the remainder of the book.
- Auditorium Building (Chicago), completed 1889.
- Monadnock Building, construction started 1891.
- Home Insurance Building, completed 1885.
- Tacoma Building, completed 1889.
- Wainwright Building, construction started 1890.
- Getty Tomb, 1890.
- Sullivan Center (Schlesinger & Mayer store), 1899.
- Transportation Building, World's Columbian Exposition.
- Louis Sullivan (1856–1924).
- Frank Lloyd Wright (1867–1959).
- Charnley House, 1892.
- Winslow House, 1893-94.
- Robie House, 1909-10.
- Unity Temple, 1905–08.
- Chicago school (architecture).
- Prairie School.
Chapter 14: Philosophic Harvest
- Musings on: change; process; context; determinism; pragmatism; causality.
- William James (1842–1910).
- George Herbert Mead (1863–1931), Professor at the University of Chicago 1894-1931.
- Louis H. Sullivan (1856–1924). The Autobiography of an Idea. New York: Press of the American institute of Architects, Inc., 1924.
[Archive.org.]
Epilogue: From Altgeld to Our Time
- Robert Herrick (1868–1938). The Memoirs of an American Citizen. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1905.
[Archive.org, California; Archive.org, California.]
Journalists Mentioned Variously throughout the Book:
- Henry Demarest Lloyd (1847–1903).
- Finley Peter Dunne (1867–1936), creator of Mr. Dooley.
- Finley Peter Dunne. Mr. Dooley in Peace and in War. Boston: Small, Maynard & Company, 1898.
[Archive.org.] - Finley Peter Dunne. Mr. Dooley In the Hearts of His Countrymen. Boston: Small, Maynard & Company, 1899.
[Archive.org.] - Finley Peter Dunne. Observations by Mr. Dooley. New York: R. H. Russell, 1902. London: William Heinemann, 1903.
[Archive.org, 1902; Archive.org, 1903.] - Finley Peter Dunne. Dissertations by Mr. Dooley. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1906.
[Archive.org.] - Finley Peter Dunne. Mr. Dooley Says. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1910.
[Archive.org, Toronto; Archive.org, California.] - Lincoln Steffens (1866–1936). The Shame of the Cities. New York: McClure, Philips & Co., 1904.
[Wikipedia; Archive.org.]
Video
- Robert Chiles, "Unrest and Reform in the Gilded Age," University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, Lectures in History, C-SPAN, 18 February 2016.
- Robert Chiles, Department of History, University of Maryland, College Park.
- Panic of 1873.
- Granger Laws.
- Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois, October 1886.
- Interstate Commerce Act of 1887.
- Sherman Antitrust Act, July 1890.
- United States v. E. C. Knight Co., January 1895.
- Great Railroad Strike of 1877.
- Knights of Labor.
- American Federation of Labor.
- Samuel Gompers (1850–1924).
- Panic of 1884.
- Depression of 1882–85.
- Great Southwest railroad strike of 1886.
- Haymarket affair, May 1886.
- John Peter Altgeld (1847–1902).
- 1892 New Orleans general strike.
- Coal Creek War, Tennessee, April 1891 – August 1892.
- Homestead Strike, June - July 1892.
- Pullman Strike, May 1894.
- American Railway Union.
- Eugene V. Debs (1855–1926).
- Central Park, New York.
- Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919), "The Strenuous Life," 10 April 1899.
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- Thomas Leslie, "Advent of the Skyscraper," Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, Lectures in History, C-SPAN, 17 February 2015.
- Thomas Leslie, Department of Architecture, College of Design, Iowa State University.
- architecturefarm: Architecture and the Ivory Tower in the Great Midwest, architecturefarm.wordpress.com.
- Thomas Leslie. Chicago Skyscrapers, 1871-1934. Urbana-Champaign, Chicago, Springfield: University of Illinois Press, 2013.
[Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
- The Bessemer process was patented by Henry Bessemer (1813–1898) in 1856. It was then superseded by the development of the Open hearth furnace in the 1860s.
History of the steel industry (1850–1970). - Great Chicago Fire, 08-10 October 1871.
- Reliance Building, designed 1890, completed 1895.
- Fisher Building, completed 1896.
- Elevator: History: Industrial era.
- Elisha Otis (1811–1861), demonstrated his safety elevator at the New York Crystal Palace in 1853.
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- Jeremi Suri, "America in the 1890s," University of Texas at Austin, Lectures in History, C-SPAN, 12 February 2015.
- Jeremi Suri, Department of History, University of Texas at Austin.
- Jeremi Suri, Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, University of Texas at Austin.
- Jeremi Suri, jeremisuri.net.
- Jeremi Suri, C-SPAN.
- 1890s.
- World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago World's Fair, 1893.
- Panic of 1893.
- Muckraker.
- Nationalism: 19th century.
- New Imperialism, "a period of colonial expansion by European powers, the United States, and Japan during the late 19th and early 20th centuries."
- Alfred Thayer Mahan (1840–1914). The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660–1783. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1890. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, 1890.
[Wikipedia; Archive.org.]
Reprinted: A. T. Mahan. The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660–1783. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, 1987.
[Publisher; Amazon.com.]
Reprinted: A. T. Mahan. The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660–1783. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
[Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.] - History of Cuba: The 19th century: Years of Upheaval.
- History of Cuba: 1895–98: War of Independence.
- Spanish–American War.
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- Timothy Messer-Kruse, "1886 Haymarket Bombing and Trial," Kansas City Public Library, American History TV, C-SPAN, 01 May 2013.
- Faculty, Department of Ethnic Studies, Bowling Green State University.
- Timothy Messer-Kruse. The Trial of the Haymarket Anarchists: Terrorism and Justice in the Gilded Age. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
[Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.] - Timothy Messer-Kruse. The Haymarket Conspiracy: Transatlantic Anarchist Networks. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2012.
[Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
- Haymarket affair, May 1886.
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- Alan Lessoff, "19th Century U.S. Urban Growth," Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, Lectures in History, C-SPAN, 02 February 2013.
- Dr. Alan Lessoff, Department of History, Illinois State University.
- Alan Lessoff, personal webpage, Illinois State University.
- Alan Lessoff, "Was There A Gilded Age? Was There A Progressive Era?" McConnell Center, University of Louisville, 25 January 2012.
- Alan Lessoff. Where Texas Meets the Sea: Corpus Christi and Its History. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2015.
[Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
- Gary B. Nash. First City: Philadelphia and the Forging of Historical Memory. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001.
[Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
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- Erik Larson and Brian Lamb, "The Devil in the White City," Booknotes, C-SPAN, 08 August 2003.
- Erik Larson (b. 1954), Wikipedia.
- Erik Larson, C-SPAN.
- Erik Larson. The Devil in the White City: Murder, Magic, and Madness at the Fair That Changed America. New York: Crown Publishers (Random House), 2003.
[Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
- World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago World's Fair, 01 May – 30 October, 1893.
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