Hawley, The Great War and the Search for a Modern Order, 2e (1997)

Ellis W. Hawley.
The Great War and the Search for a Modern Order: A History of the American People and Their Institutions, 1917-1933, Second Edition.
Prospect Heights, Illinois: Waveland Press, 1997.

Book Information: Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.

Previously published:
First Edition: St. Martin's Press, 1979. [Amazon.com.]
Second Edition: St. Martin's Press, 1992. [Amazon.com.]

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Author Information:

• Ellis W. Hawley, Department of History, University of Iowa.
• Ellis W. Hawley. The New Deal and the Problem of Monopoly: A Study in Economic Ambivalence. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1966. New York: Fordham University Press, 1995. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2015.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Ellis W. Hawley Prize, Organization of American Historians.

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Wikipedia Articles:

• History of the United States (1918–1945).
• Herbert Hoover (1874–1964).
• Calvin Coolidge (1872–1933).
• Warren G. Harding (1865–1923).
• Presidency of Warren G. Harding, March 1921 - August 1923.
• Presidency of Calvin Coolidge, August 1923 - March 1929.
• Presidency of Herbert Hoover, March 1929 - March 1933.
• Progressive Era.

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It turned out that I was well prepared to read The Great War and the Search for a Modern Order. I had previously read some popular histories of the 1920s (Allen, Only Yesterday: An Informal History of the 1920s (1931) and Miller, New World Coming : The 1920s and the Making of Modern America (2003)). And I had read a couple textbook-type treatments of the era covered in Hawley's book (Cooper, Pivotal Decades: The United States, 1900-1920 (1990) and Parrish, Anxious Decades: America in Prosperity and Depression, 1920-1941 (1992)). Finally, I recently read McGerr's survey of the progressive movement (McGerr, A Fierce Discontent: The Rise and Fall of the Progressive Movement in America, 1870-1920 (2003)). McGerr says that the progressive movement ended with the First World War. This was certainly true for leftist progressives (Jane Addams, for example) who were discredited or suppressed as the U.S. entered the Great War. However, Hawley observes that more conservative organization-oriented progressives remained influential throughout the 1920s. Herbert Hoover is the premier example of this. The First World War stimulated the growth of government and private bureaucracies and institutions. These declined after the war, but various institutions persisted throughout the 1920s, which provided pre-established organizational frameworks when the need to combat the Depression arose in the 1930s. This is a major theme of Hawley's book.

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McGerr, A Fierce Discontent: The Rise and Fall of the Progressive Movement in America, 1870-1920 (2003)

Michael McGerr.
A Fierce Discontent: The Rise and Fall of the Progressive Movement in America, 1870-1920.
New York: Free Press (Simon & Schuster), 2003.
New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.

Book Information: Publisher; Google Books, 2005; Amazon.com, 2003; Amazon.com, 2005.

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Author Information:

• Michael McGerr, Department of History, Indiana University.
• Michael McGerr, Wikipedia.
• Michael McGerr, C-SPAN.
• Michael McGerr. The Decline of Popular Politics: The American North, 1865-1928. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]

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Wikipedia Articles:

• History of the United States (1865–1918).
• Progressive Era.
• Progressivism in the United States.

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Video: Lectures in History, C-SPAN

(A list of lectures on topics discussed in A Fierce Discontent.)

### Mitchell Lerner, "Roots of Progressivism and Theodore Roosevelt," Ohio State University at Newark, 18 January 2011.

• Mitchell Lerner, Ohio State University at Newark.

Wikipedia Articles:

• Progressivism in the United States.
• Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt.

~~~~~~

### Andrew Fisher, "Progressive Era Conservation Movement," College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, 18 October 2012.

• Andrew Fisher, Department of History, College of William and Mary.

Wikipedia Articles:

• Conservation movement.
• Conservation in the United States.
• Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt: Conservation.
• Gifford Pinchot (1865–1946).
• United States Forest Service.

~~~~~~

### Robert Rydell, "Eugenics in Early 20th Century America," Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 14 November 2012.

• Robert Rydell, Department of History and Philosophy, Montana State University.
• Robert W. Rydell, C-SPAN.

Wikipedia Articles:

• Eugenics.
• Francis Galton (1822–1911).
• Eugenics in the United States.

~~~~~~

### Wilfred McClay, "John Dewey and Progressivism," University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 11 February 2013.

• Wilfred McClay, Previous Chairs, SunTrust Chair of Excellence in Humanities, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga.
• Center for History of Liberty, University of Oklahoma.
• Affiliated Faculty, Department of History, University of Oklahoma.
• Classics and Letters Faculty and Staff, Department of Classics and Letters, University of Oklahoma.
• Wilfred M. McClay, Wikipedia.

Wikipedia Articles:

• John Dewey (1859–1952).
• Pragmatism.

~~~~~~

### Daniel Czitrom, "Muckraking Journalist Jacob Riis and Gilded Age New York City," Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts, 10 February 2014.

• Daniel Czitrom, Mount Holyoke College.
• Daniel Czitrom, Distinguished Lectureship Program, Organization of American Historians.
• Daniel Czitrom, C-SPAN.
• Daniel Czitrom. Media and the American Minds: From Morse to McLuhan. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1982.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Bonnie Yochelson and Daniel Czitrom. Rediscovering Jacob Riis: Exposure Journalism and Photography in Turn of the Century New York. New York: New Press, 2008. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2014.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Daniel Czitrom. New York Exposed: The Gilded Age Police Scandal That Launched the Progressive Era. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]

Books Mentioned:

• Jacob A. Riis (1849–1914). How the Other Half Lives: Studies among the Tenements of New York. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1890.
  [Wikipedia; Google Books, 1890; Archive.org, 1932.]
• Jacob A. Riis. The Making of an American. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1901.
  [Archive.org.]

~~~~~~

### Robert Chiles, "Unrest and Reform in the Gilded Age," University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 18 February 2016.

• Robert Chiles, Department of History, University of Maryland, College Park.

Wikipedia Articles:

• Panic of 1873.
• Granger Laws.
• Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois, October 1886.
• Interstate Commerce Act of 1887.
• Sherman Antitrust Act, July 1890.
• United States v. E. C. Knight Co., January 1895.
• Great Railroad Strike of 1877.
• Knights of Labor.
• American Federation of Labor.
• Samuel Gompers (1850–1924).
• Panic of 1884.
• Depression of 1882–85.
• Great Southwest railroad strike of 1886.
• Haymarket affair, May 1886.
• John Peter Altgeld (1847–1902).
• 1892 New Orleans general strike.
• Coal Creek War, Tennessee, April 1891 – August 1892.
• Homestead Strike, June - July 1892.
• Pullman Strike, May 1894.
• American Railway Union.
• Eugene V. Debs (1855–1926).
• Central Park, New York.
• Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919), "The Strenuous Life," 10 April 1899.

~~~~~~

### Akim Reinhardt, "Victorian Culture," Towson University, Maryland, 23 February 2017.

• Akim Reinhardt, Department of History, Towson University.
• The Public Professor, Akim Reinhardt's website.
• Akim D. Reinhardt. Ruling Pine Ridge: Oglala Lakota Politics from the IRA to Wounded Knee. Lubbock, Texas: Texas Tech University Press, 2007.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Akim D. Reinhardt, editor. Welcome to the Oglala Nation: A Documentary Reader in Oglala Lakota Political History. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 2015.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Heather Rounds and Akim Reinhardt. The Twentieth Century in 100 Moments: A Visual History. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Zenith Press (Quarto Publishing Group), 2015.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]

Wikipedia Articles, etc.:

• Victorian era, United Kingdom, 1837–1901.
• Protestant work ethic.
• Gilded Age, 1870s-1900s.
• Woman's Christian Temperance Union, founded 1873/1874.
• Charlotte Perkins Stetson [Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860–1935)], "The Yellow Wall-Paper," The New England Magazine, Volume 11, Issue 5, Pages 647-657, January 1892.
  (Source: Making of America, Cornell University Library.)
  
  Charlotte Perkins Stetson. The Yellow Wall Paper. Boston: Small, Maynard and Company, 1899; 1901.
  [Wikipedia; Archive.org, The New England Magazine; Archive.org, 1901.]
  
  Reprinted: Charlotte Perkins Gilman. The Yellow Wall-Paper, Herland, and Selected Writings. Edited with an Introduction and Notes by Denise D. Knight. New York: Penguin Classics, 2009.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]

~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

My posts on some other books discussing the same period, but not so focused on the progressive movement, as A Fierce Discontent:

• Brands, The Reckless Decade: America in the 1890s (1995; 2002).
• Cooper, Pivotal Decades: The United States, 1900-1920 (1990).
• Ginger, Altgeld's America (1958).
• Lears, Rebirth of a Nation: The Making of Modern America, 1877-1920 (2009).
• Diner, A Very Different Age: Americans of the Progressive Era (1998).
• Wiebe, The Search for Order, 1877-1920 (1967).

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Goodwyn, The Populist Moment (1978)

Lawrence Goodwyn.
The Populist Moment: A Short History of the Agrarian Revolt in America.
New York: Oxford University Press, 1978.

Book Information: Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.

The Populist Moment is an abridged version of:

• Lawrence Goodwyn. Democratic Promise: The Populist Moment in America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976.
  [Google Books; Amazon.com.]

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Author Information:

• Lawrence Goodwyn (1928–2013), Wikipedia.
• William Yardley, "Lawrence Goodwyn, Historian of Populism, Dies at 85," The New York Times, 04 October 2013.
• Lawrence Goodwyn. Breaking the Barrier: The Rise of Solidarity in Poland. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.
  [Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Lawrence Goodwyn. Texas Oil, American Dreams: A Study of the Texas Independent Producers and Royalty Owners Association. Austin: Texas State Historical Association, 1996.
  [Google Books; Amazon.com.]

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Video:

• Robert Johnston, "1890s American Populist Movement," University of Illinois at Chicago, Lectures in History, C-SPAN, 06 February 2013.
  • Robert D. Johnston, Department of History, University of Illinois at Chicago.
  Books Mentioned:
  • Charles Postel. The Populist Vision. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
  • Charles Postel, Department of History, San Francisco State University.
  • Glenda Elizabeth Gilmore. Gender and Jim Crow: Women and the Politics of White Supremacy in North Carolina, 1896-1920. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
  • Lawrence Goodwyn. The Populist Moment: A Short History of the Agrarian Revolt in America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
  • Bruno Latour. We Have Never Been Modern. 1991. Translated by Catherine Porter. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1993.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
  • Michael Kazin. The Populist Persuasion: An American History, Revised Edition. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1998.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
  Books Not Mentioned:
  • C. Vann Woodward. Tom Watson: Agrarian Rebel. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1938. New York: Rinehart and Company, 1955. New York: Oxford University Press, 1963.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
  • Steven Hahn. The Roots of Southern Populism: Yeoman Farmers and the Transformation of the Georgia Upcountry, 1850-1890. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]

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Wikipedia and Other Encyclopedia Articles:

• The Grange (The National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry).
• History of the United States (1865–1918): Farming.
• American farm discontent.
• Crop-lien system.
• Farmers' Alliance.
• Donna A. Barnes, "Farmers' Alliance," Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association.
• Colored Farmers' National Alliance and Cooperative Union.
• William F. Holmes, "Colored Farmers' Alliance," Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association.
• Charles Macune (1851–1940).
• Bruce Palmer and Charles W. Macune, Jr., "Charles William Macune," Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association.
• Bruce Palmer, "William Robert Lamb," Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association.
• Leonidas L. Polk (1837–1892).
• Cleburne Demands, Texas Farmers' Alliance, 1886.
• Ocala Demands, Farmers' Alliance, 1890.
~~~~~
• Greenback Party, 1874–1889.
• People's Party, 1891–1908.
• Omaha Platform, People's Party, 1892.
• James B. Weaver (1833–1912).
• "Sockless" Jerry Simpson (1842–1905).
• Thomas E. Watson (1856–1922).
• United States presidential election, 1892, Cleveland versus Harrison versus Weaver.
• United States presidential election, 1892, McKinley versus Bryan.

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Ginger, Altgeld's America (1958)

Ray Ginger.
Altgeld's America: The Lincoln Ideal Versus Changing Realities.
New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1958.

Reprinted:
Ray Ginger.
Altgeld's America: The Lincoln Ideal Versus Changing Realities.
With a new introduction by Gary Gerstle.
Princeton, New Jersey: Markus Wiener Publishing, 1986; 2010.

Various editions of the book have dust jackets or covers with a subtitle indicating the date range of the period covered by the book as 1892-1905; the Markus Wiener edition has the more explicit cover subtitle "Chicago from 1892-1905". However, these dates do not appear in the book's title on the title page.

Book Information: Google Books, 1958; Amazon.com, 1958; Amazon.com, 2010.

(I read a copy of the 1958 edition so I haven't seen all of Gary Gerstle's introduction.)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Author Information:

• Ray Ginger (1924–1975), Wikipedia.
• Ray Ginger. The Bending Cross: A Biography of Eugene Victor Debs. Rutgers University Press, 1949. Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2007.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Ray Ginger. Six Days or Forever?: Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes. Boston: Beacon Press, 1958. Oxford University Press, 1974.
  [Wikipedia; Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Ray Ginger. American Social Thought. New York: Hill and Wang, 1961.
  [Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Ray Ginger. Age of Excess: The United States from 1877 to 1914. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1965; 1975. Waveland Press, 1989.
  [Google Books; Amazon.com, 1965; Amazon.com, 1975; Amazon.com, 1989.]
• Ray Ginger. The Nationalizing of American Life, 1877-1900. (Sources in American History.) New York: Free Press, 1965.
  [Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Ray Ginger. Ray Ginger's Jokebook about American History. New Viewpoints, 1974.
  [Google Books; Amazon.com.]

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Notes and Wikipedia Articles, by Chapter

Excerpt from the Prologue (page 14):

Here is the story of these men and women, of the city they lived in, the visions they had, and of their efforts to remake the city. But it is not the story of Chicago alone; for it tells of how industrialism came to the world, arm in arm with the search for profit, and of the troubles the marriage made, and of how people of noble purpose labored to overcome those troubles.

• History of Chicago.
• Progressive Era.
• John Peter Altgeld (1847–1902).

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Chapter 1: White City in the Muck

• World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago World's Fair, 01 May – 30 October, 1893.

Architects:

• Daniel Burnham (1846–1912).
• Charles B. Atwood (1849–1895).
• John Wellborn Root (1850–1891).
• Louis Sullivan (1856–1924).
• Frank Lloyd Wright (1867–1959).

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Chapter 2: The Haymarket Bomb

• Haymarket affair, May 1886.

Haymarket Defendants Executed (or Committed Suicide):

• George Engel (1836–1887).
• Albert Parsons (1848–1887).
• August Spies (1855–1887).
• Adolph Fischer (1858–1887).
• Louis Lingg (1864–1887), suicide.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Chapter 3: The Pardon

• John Peter Altgeld (1847–1902), Governor of Illinois 1893–1897.
• John P. Altgeld. Reasons for Pardoning Fielden, Neebe and Schwab. Chicago, 1893.
  [Archive.org, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Archive.org, Southern Illinois University.]

Surviving Haymarket Defendants Pardoned by Governor Altgeld, June 1893:

• Samuel Fielden (1847–1922).
• Oscar Neebe (1850–1916).
• Michael Schwab (1853–1898).

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Chapter 4: The Grey Wolves and Their Flock

• Gray Wolves of Chicago.
  • Michael "Hinky Dink" Kenna (1858–1946), Chicago Alderman 1897–1923.
  • "Bathhouse" John Coughlin (1860–1938), Chicago Alderman 1892–1938.
  • John "Johnny De Pow" Powers (1852–1930), Chicago Alderman 1888–1903, 1904–1927.
• Maureen A. Flanagan, "Grey Wolves," Encyclopedia of Chicago.

Chicago Businessmen:

• Cyrus McCormick (1809–1884).
• George Pullman (1831–1897).
• Philip Danforth Armour (1832–1901).
• Richard T. Crane (1832–1912).
• Marshall Field (1834–1906).
• Lyman J. Gage (1836–1927).
• Charles Yerkes (1837–1905).
• Gustavus Franklin Swift (1839–1903).
• Aaron Montgomery Ward (1844–1913).
• John Warne Gates (1855–1911).
• Charles R. Crane (1858–1939).
• Samuel Insull (1859–1938).
• Richard Warren Sears (1863–1914).
• Alvah Curtis Roebuck (1864–1948).

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Chapter 5: The Women of Hull-House

• Julia Lathrop (1858–1932).
• Florence Kelley (1859–1932).
• Ellen Gates Starr (1859–1940).
• Jane Addams (1860–1935).
• Sophonisba Breckinridge (1866–1948).
• Margaret Dreier Robins (1868–1945).
• Alice Hamilton (1869–1970).
  (Note: Alice Hamilton was a sister of Edith Hamilton (1867–1963), classicist and author of popular books on ancient Greece and Rome.)
• Mary Ann Johnson, "Hull House," Encyclopedia of Chicago.
• Louise Carroll Wade, "Settlement Houses," Encyclopedia of Chicago.

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Chapter 6: The Compulsory Heaven at Pullman

• Pullman Palace Car Company, founded 1867.
• George Pullman (1831–1897).
• Pullman, Chicago, Illinois.
• Panic of 1893.
• Pullman Strike, May 1894.
• American Railway Union.
• Eugene V. Debs (1855–1926).
• Jane Addams (1860–1935), "A Modern Lear," Survey, Volume 29, Number 5, Pages 131-137, 02 November 1912. [Written in 1894.]
  Reprinted in: Satellite Cities: A Study of Industrial Suburbs. Edited by Graham Romeyn Taylor. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1915. Pages 68-90.
  ["A Modern Lear" PDF at University of Illinois, Chicago;
  "A Modern Lear" from Satellite Cities at The Newberry Library;
  Satellite Cities at Archive.org, Toronto copy;
  Satellite Cities at Google Books, Michigan copy.]

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Chapter 7: Anti-Monopoly

• John Peter Altgeld (1847–1902), Governor of Illinois 1893–1897.
• 1896 Democratic National Convention, Chicago, 07-11 July.
• William Jennings Bryan presidential campaign, 1896.
• United States presidential election, 1896, McKinley versus Bryan.
• Carter Harrison Jr. (1860–1953), Mayor of Chicago 1897–1905 and 1911–1915.

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Chapter 8: Education Comes from Life

• Thorstein Veblen (1857–1929), Instructor at the University of Chicago 1892–190#.
• Thorstein Veblen. The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study of Institutions. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1899; 1912.
  [Wikipedia; Archive.org, 1912.]
  Reprinted: Thorstein Veblen. The Theory of the Leisure Class. Edited with an Introduction and Notes by Robert Lekachman. Penguin Classics, 1994.
  [Publisher; Amazon.com.]
  Reprinted: Thorstein Veblen. The Theory of the Leisure Class. (Dover Thrift Editions.) Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, 1994.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
  Reprinted: Thorstein Veblen. The Theory of the Leisure Class. Edited with an Introduction and Notes by Martha Banta. Oxford University Press, 2007.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• John Dewey (1859–1952), Professor at the University of Chicago 1894–1904.
• University of Chicago Laboratory Schools, founded by John Dewey in 1896.

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Chapter 9: Criminal Law

• Clarence Darrow (1857–1938).
• John P. Altgeld (1847–1902). Our Penal Machinery and Its Victims. 1884. New and Revised Edition. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Company, 1886. Live Questions: including Our Penal Machinery and Its Victims. Chicago: Donohue & Henneberry, 1890.
  [Archive.org, 1886; Archive.org, 1890.]
• Carter Harrison Sr. (1825–1893), Mayor of Chicago 1879–1887 and 1893.
  Harrison was assassinated on 28 October 1893 by Patrick Eugene Prendergast (1868–1894).
  Darrow attempted an insanity defense to prevent Prendergast's execution.
• American juvenile justice system: Early 1900s.
  "The nation's first juvenile court was formed in Illinois in 1899...."
• L. Mara Dodge, "Juvenile Justice Reform," Encyclopedia of Chicago.
• Edgar Lee Masters (1868–1950), a law partner of Clarence Darrow 1903–1908; later known as a poet.
• Sam Mitrani and Christine Lamberson, "The Rise of the Chicago Police Department," New Books Network, 03 November 2015.
  (This is audio of a 50 minute interview with the author.)
• Sam Mitrani. The Rise of the Chicago Police Department: Class and Conflict, 1850-1894. Urbana-Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2013.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Chapter 10: Leisure-Class Reform

• Chicago Woman's Club.
• W. T. Stead (1849–1912). If Christ Came to Chicago! London: The Review of Reviews, 1894.
  [Archive.org.]
• Municipal Voters' League, History of Chicago Politics (website).
• Georg Leidenberger, "Civic Federation of Chicago," founded 1893, Encyclopedia of Chicago.
• City Club of Chicago, founded 1903.
• Jon C. Teaford, "Good Government Movements," Encyclopedia of Chicago.
• Chicago Teachers Federation (CTF), founded 1897.
• Chicago Federation of Labor (CFL), founded 1896.
Later Organizations:
• Chicago Bureau of Public Efficiency (1910–1932).
• Chicago Vice Commission.
• Mary Linehan, "Vice Commissions," Encyclopedia of Chicago.
• The Levee, Chicago (1880s–1912).

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Chapter 11: The Road Back

• This chapter and the next focus mainly on the long political battle to move streetcar operations out of private hands and into municipal ownership. A major step was the passage of the Mueller Act by the Illinois legislature in 1904 which authorized municipalities to form public utility corporations and issue bonds. The next major step required the city council and mayor to implement this strategy by denying franchise renewals to private companies operating existing streetcar lines or by establishing new streetcar lines. Instead, private streetcar operators submitted to more stringent scrutiny and improved customer service. (Note, acronym frequently used: IMO = immediate municipal ownership. The reformers' cry.)
• David M. Young, "Street Railways," Encyclopedia of Chicago.
• David M. Young, "Public Transportation," Encyclopedia of Chicago.
• "The Week," The Outlook, Volume 76, Number 16, Pages 903-905, 16 April 1904.
  (This is an account of the passage and implications of the Mueller Act.)
• Thomas R. Pegram, "Streetcar Politics," Pages 137-148 in Partisans and Progressives: Private Interest and Public Policy in Illinois, 1870-1922. Urbana-Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1992.
  [Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Georg Leidenberger. Chicago's Progressive Alliance: Labor and the Bid for Public Streetcars. DeKalb, Illinois: Northern Illinois University Press, 2006.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Chapter 12: Mottled Victory

• 1904 Democratic National Convention, St. Louis.
• United States presidential election, 1904, Roosevelt versus Parker.
• Clarence Darrow (1857–1938), member of the Illinois state legislature 190#-190# and special advisor to Mayor Dunne during 1905.
• Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne (1853–1937), Mayor of Chicago 1905–1907.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Chapter 13: Conquest by Imagination

Cultural Institutions

• Art Institute of Chicago.
• Chicago Symphony Orchestra.
  Theodore Thomas (1835–1905), music director of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra 1891–1905.
• University of Chicago.
  William Rainey Harper (1856–1906), president of the University of Chicago 1891–1906.
• Chicago Public Library.
• Newberry Library.
• Chicago Theological Seminary, founded 1855.

Chicago Novels

• Henry Blake Fuller (1857–1929). The Cliff-Dwellers: A Novel. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1893.
  [Archive.org, California; Archive.org, Toronto.]
• Robert Herrick (1868–1938). The Gospel of Freedom. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1898.
  [Archive.org, Toronto; Archive.org, California.]
• Robert Herrick (1868–1938). The Web of Life. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1900.
  [Google Books, Michigan; Archive.org, Michigan.]
• Robert Herrick (1868–1938). The Common Lot. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1904.
  [Google Books, Wisconsin; Archive.org, California; Archive.org, Toronto.]
• Upton Sinclair (1878–1968). The Jungle. New York: Doubleday, Page & Company, 1906. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1906.
  [Wikipedia; Archive.org, Doubleday; Archive.org, Grosset.]
  Reprinted: Upton Sinclair. The Jungle. Introduction by Ronald Gottesman. Penguin Classics, 1989.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
  Reprinted: Upton Sinclair. The Jungle. (Dover Thrift Editions.) Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, 2001.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
  Reprinted: Upton Sinclair. The Jungle. (Bedford Series in History and Culture.) Introduction by Christopher Phelps. New York: Bedford/St. Martin's (Macmillan), 2005.
  [Google Books; Amazon.com.]
  Reprinted: Upton Sinclair. The Jungle. Oxford University Press, 2010.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
  
  Ginger observes that Sinclair was no artist: "The Jungle was an amazingly successful instrument of reform, but hardly a novel at all." (page 317)
• Theodore Dreiser (1871–1945). Sister Carrie. New York: Doubleday, Page & Co, 1900.
  [Wikipedia; Archive.org.]
  Reprinted: Theodore Dreiser. Sister Carrie, Jennie Gerhardt, Twelve Men. Edited by Richard Lehan. New York: Library of America, 1987.
  [Publisher; Amazon.com.]
  
  Ginger thinks highly of Sister Carrie and uses it to frame many of his comments in the remainder of the book.

Architecture

• Auditorium Building (Chicago), completed 1889.
• Monadnock Building, construction started 1891.
• Home Insurance Building, completed 1885.
• Tacoma Building, completed 1889.
• Wainwright Building, construction started 1890.
• Getty Tomb, 1890.
• Sullivan Center (Schlesinger & Mayer store), 1899.
• Transportation Building, World's Columbian Exposition.
• Louis Sullivan (1856–1924).
• Frank Lloyd Wright (1867–1959).
• Charnley House, 1892.
• Winslow House, 1893-94.
• Robie House, 1909-10.
• Unity Temple, 1905–08.
• Chicago school (architecture).
• Prairie School.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Chapter 14: Philosophic Harvest

• Musings on: change; process; context; determinism; pragmatism; causality.
• William James (1842–1910).
• George Herbert Mead (1863–1931), Professor at the University of Chicago 1894-1931.
• Louis H. Sullivan (1856–1924). The Autobiography of an Idea. New York: Press of the American institute of Architects, Inc., 1924.
  [Archive.org.]

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Epilogue: From Altgeld to Our Time

• Robert Herrick (1868–1938). The Memoirs of an American Citizen. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1905.
  [Archive.org, California; Archive.org, California.]

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Journalists Mentioned Variously throughout the Book:

• Henry Demarest Lloyd (1847–1903).
• Finley Peter Dunne (1867–1936), creator of Mr. Dooley.
• Finley Peter Dunne. Mr. Dooley in Peace and in War. Boston: Small, Maynard & Company, 1898.
  [Archive.org.]
• Finley Peter Dunne. Mr. Dooley In the Hearts of His Countrymen. Boston: Small, Maynard & Company, 1899.
  [Archive.org.]
• Finley Peter Dunne. Observations by Mr. Dooley. New York: R. H. Russell, 1902. London: William Heinemann, 1903.
  [Archive.org, 1902; Archive.org, 1903.]
• Finley Peter Dunne. Dissertations by Mr. Dooley. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1906.
  [Archive.org.]
• Finley Peter Dunne. Mr. Dooley Says. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1910.
  [Archive.org, Toronto; Archive.org, California.]
• Lincoln Steffens (1866–1936). The Shame of the Cities. New York: McClure, Philips & Co., 1904.
  [Wikipedia; Archive.org.]

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Video

• Robert Chiles, "Unrest and Reform in the Gilded Age," University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, Lectures in History, C-SPAN, 18 February 2016.
  • Robert Chiles, Department of History, University of Maryland, College Park.
  Wikipedia Articles:
  • Panic of 1873.
  • Granger Laws.
  • Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois, October 1886.
  • Interstate Commerce Act of 1887.
  • Sherman Antitrust Act, July 1890.
  • United States v. E. C. Knight Co., January 1895.
  • Great Railroad Strike of 1877.
  • Knights of Labor.
  • American Federation of Labor.
  • Samuel Gompers (1850–1924).
  • Panic of 1884.
  • Depression of 1882–85.
  • Great Southwest railroad strike of 1886.
  • Haymarket affair, May 1886.
  • John Peter Altgeld (1847–1902).
  • 1892 New Orleans general strike.
  • Coal Creek War, Tennessee, April 1891 – August 1892.
  • Homestead Strike, June - July 1892.
  • Pullman Strike, May 1894.
  • American Railway Union.
  • Eugene V. Debs (1855–1926).
  • Central Park, New York.
  • Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919), "The Strenuous Life," 10 April 1899.
~~~~~~
• Thomas Leslie, "Advent of the Skyscraper," Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, Lectures in History, C-SPAN, 17 February 2015.
  • Thomas Leslie, Department of Architecture, College of Design, Iowa State University.
  • architecturefarm: Architecture and the Ivory Tower in the Great Midwest, architecturefarm.wordpress.com.
  • Thomas Leslie. Chicago Skyscrapers, 1871-1934. Urbana-Champaign, Chicago, Springfield: University of Illinois Press, 2013.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
  Wikipedia Articles:
  • The Bessemer process was patented by Henry Bessemer (1813–1898) in 1856. It was then superseded by the development of the Open hearth furnace in the 1860s.
    History of the steel industry (1850–1970).
  • Great Chicago Fire, 08-10 October 1871.
  • Reliance Building, designed 1890, completed 1895.
  • Fisher Building, completed 1896.
  • Elevator: History: Industrial era.
  • Elisha Otis (1811–1861), demonstrated his safety elevator at the New York Crystal Palace in 1853.
~~~~~~
• Jeremi Suri, "America in the 1890s," University of Texas at Austin, Lectures in History, C-SPAN, 12 February 2015.
  • Jeremi Suri, Department of History, University of Texas at Austin.
  • Jeremi Suri, Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, University of Texas at Austin.
  • Jeremi Suri, jeremisuri.net.
  • Jeremi Suri, C-SPAN.
  Wikipedia Articles:
  • 1890s.
  • World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago World's Fair, 1893.
  • Panic of 1893.
  • Muckraker.
  • Nationalism: 19th century.
  • New Imperialism, "a period of colonial expansion by European powers, the United States, and Japan during the late 19th and early 20th centuries."
  • Alfred Thayer Mahan (1840–1914). The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660–1783. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1890. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, 1890.
    [Wikipedia; Archive.org.]
    Reprinted: A. T. Mahan. The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660–1783. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, 1987.
    [Publisher; Amazon.com.]
    Reprinted: A. T. Mahan. The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660–1783. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
  • History of Cuba: The 19th century: Years of Upheaval.
  • History of Cuba: 1895–98: War of Independence.
  • Spanish–American War.
~~~~~~
• Timothy Messer-Kruse, "1886 Haymarket Bombing and Trial," Kansas City Public Library, American History TV, C-SPAN, 01 May 2013.
  • Faculty, Department of Ethnic Studies, Bowling Green State University.
  Books Discussed:
  • Timothy Messer-Kruse. The Trial of the Haymarket Anarchists: Terrorism and Justice in the Gilded Age. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
  • Timothy Messer-Kruse. The Haymarket Conspiracy: Transatlantic Anarchist Networks. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2012.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
  Wikipedia Articles:
  • Haymarket affair, May 1886.
~~~~~~
• Alan Lessoff, "19th Century U.S. Urban Growth," Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, Lectures in History, C-SPAN, 02 February 2013.
  • Dr. Alan Lessoff, Department of History, Illinois State University.
  • Alan Lessoff, personal webpage, Illinois State University.
  • Alan Lessoff, "Was There A Gilded Age? Was There A Progressive Era?" McConnell Center, University of Louisville, 25 January 2012.
  • Alan Lessoff. Where Texas Meets the Sea: Corpus Christi and Its History. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2015.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
    
  Book Mentioned:
  • Gary B. Nash. First City: Philadelphia and the Forging of Historical Memory. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
~~~~~~
• Erik Larson and Brian Lamb, "The Devil in the White City," Booknotes, C-SPAN, 08 August 2003.
  • Erik Larson (b. 1954), Wikipedia.
  • Erik Larson, C-SPAN.
  Book Discussed:
  • Erik Larson. The Devil in the White City: Murder, Magic, and Madness at the Fair That Changed America. New York: Crown Publishers (Random House), 2003.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
  Wikipedia Articles:
  • World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago World's Fair, 01 May – 30 October, 1893.
~~~~~~

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Lears, Rebirth of a Nation: The Making of Modern America, 1877-1920 (2009)

Jackson Lears.
Rebirth of a Nation: The Making of Modern America, 1877-1920.
New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2009.

Book Information: Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.

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Author Information:

• T.J. Jackson Lears, Department of History, Rutgers University.
• T.J. Jackson Lears (b. 1947), Wikipedia.
• Jackson Lears, C-SPAN.
• Raritan: A Quarterly Review.
• T.J. Jackson Lears. No Place of Grace: Antimodernism and the Transformation of American Culture, 1880–1920. New York: Pantheon Books, 1981. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Wikipedia; Amazon.com.]
• Jackson Lears. Fables of Abundance: A Cultural History of Advertising in America. New York: Basic Books, 1994.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Jackson Lears. Something for Nothing: Luck in America. New York: Viking Penguin, 2003.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Audio and Video: Jackson Lears

• Jackson Lears and Christopher Lydon, "Jackson Lears: On Obama’s Sorrows of Empire," Radio Open Source, WBUR, 28 August 2009.
• Jackson Lears, John Horgan, David Swanson, Mark Crispin Miller, "Imagining Peace in an Age of Empire," McNally Jackson Books, New York, 03 April 2012.
• Jackson Lears and Christopher Lydon, "Jackson Lears: Too Scary to Talk About," Radio Open Source, WBUR, 15 August 2012.
  (When I wrote this blog post this audio was unavailable.)
• Jackson Lears, "The Sublime and Its Role in American Consciouness," School of Visual Arts, New York, 06 November 2013.
• Jackson Lears and others, "The Little Magazine Today: Opening Panel Discussion," The New School for Social Research, New York, 12 November 2015.

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Wikipedia Articles:

• History of the United States (1865–1918).

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