Foner, Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877 (1988)

Eric Foner.
Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877.
New York: Harper & Row, 1988.
(I read the 1988 edition.)

Eric Foner.
Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877, Updated Edition.
New York: Harper Perennial Modern Classics, 2014.

Book Information:
1988 edition: Google Books; Amazon.com.
2014 edition: Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Author Information:

• Eric Foner, Department of History, Columbia University.
• Eric Foner (b.1943), Wikipedia.
• Eric Foner - American Historian, ericfoner.com.
• Eric Foner, C-SPAN.
• Eric Foner, "The Supreme Court and the History of Reconstruction -- and Vice-Versa," Columbia Law Review, November 2012, 1585-1606.
• Eric Foner. Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party before the Civil War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1970; 1995.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Eric Foner. Tom Paine and Revolutionary America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974. Updated Edition, New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Eric Foner. The Story of American Freedom. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1998.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Eric Foner. The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2010.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Eric Foner. A Short History of Reconstruction, Updated Edition. New York: HarperCollins, 2015.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Eric Foner. Gateway to Freedom: The Hidden History of the Underground Railroad. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2015.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com;
  Sydney Howard Gay’s "Record of Fugitives" | Columbia University Libraries.]
• Eric Foner. Battles For Freedom: The Use and Abuse of American History - Essays from 'The Nation'. New York: I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd. and The Nation Company, 2017.
  [Book information at The Nation; I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd.; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Eric Foner and Adam Shatz, "A Lifetime of Historical Engagement, Parts I & II," Eric Foner in Conversation with Adam Shatz, Hosted by Jonathan and Aimee Freedman, Columbia University Department of History, 24 March 2015.
  • Adam Shatz, adamshatz.com.
  • Adam Shatz, The Nation.
  • Adam Shatz, The New York Review of Books.
  • Adam Shatz, London Review of Books.
• "Eric Foner: A Celebration of His Career," Department of History, Columbia University, 21 April 2017.
  • Eric Foner: People's Historian, Historian's Historian, event website.
  • Manisha Sinha, Department of History, University of Connecticut.
  • Seth Schwartz, Department of History, Columbia University.
  • Lee C. Bollinger, Office of the President, Columbia University.
  • Ira Katznelson, Department of Political Science, Columbia University.
  • Lonnie G. Bunch III, Founding Director, Smithsonian’s National Museum of African American History and Culture.
  • Nancy Foner, Department of Sociology, Hunter College.
  • Nancy Foner, Graduate Center, City University of New York.
  • Katrina vanden Heuvel, Editor and Publisher, The Nation.
  • Julie Kushner, Director, UAW Region 9A.
  • Sean Wilentz, Department of History, Princeton University.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Video and Audio: Eric Foner

• Eric Foner, "The Civil War and Reconstruction," Columbia University, 2014.
  YouTube Playlists:
  1. A House Divided: The Road to Civil War, 1850-1861.
  2. A New Birth of Freedom: The Civil War, 1861-1865.
  3. The Unfinished Revolution: Reconstruction and After, 1865-1890.
  Several videos of Question and Answer sessions with Professor Foner referring to these lectures are available on YouTube: Search YouTube: Hangout Eric Foner.
~~~~~~
• Eric Foner, "America's Reconstruction Exhibit," South Carolina State Museum, Columbia, South Carolina, C-SPAN, 23 January 1997.
• Eric Foner, "The Origins of American Freedom," The Jefferson Memorial Lectures, University of California, Berkeley, 17 March 1998.
  • Leon F. Litwack, Department of History, University of California, Berkeley.
  • Leon Litwack (b. 1929), Wikipedia.
  • Leon F. Litwack. North of Slavery: The Negro in the Free States, 1790-1860. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
  • Leon F. Litwack. Been in the Storm So Long: The Aftermath of Slavery. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
  Book Discussed:
  • Eric Foner. The Story of American Freedom. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1998.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Eric Foner and Brian Lamb, "The Story of American Freedom," Booknotes, C-SPAN, 09 October 1998.
  • Richard Hofstadter (1916–1970), Wikipedia.
  Book Discussed:
  • Eric Foner. The Story of American Freedom. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1998.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Lonnie G. Bunch III, Eric Foner, John Hope Franklin, Arnita Jones, "Federal Role in Race and Reconstruction," National History Center, American Historical Association, Washington, D.C., C-SPAN, 13 March 2006.
  
  • National History Center, Washington, D.C.
  • National Museum of African American History and Culture, Washington, D.C.
  • Reconstruction Era National Monument, Beaufort, South Carolina, National Park Service.
  • Reconstruction Era National Monument, Wikipedia.
  • John Hope Franklin (1915–2009), Wikipedia.
  • Lonnie Bunch (b. 1952), Wikipedia.
• Eric Foner, "Eric Foner Remarks on History and Fiction," Key West Literary Seminar, San Carlos Institute, Key West, Florida, C-SPAN, 10 January 2009.
• Paul A. Cimbala, Eric Foner, Elizabeth R. Varon, Eric H. Walther, Joan Waugh, "The Nation Before and After the Civil War," National Archives, Washington, D.C., C-SPAN, 20 November 2010.
  • Paul A. Cimbala, Department of History, Fordham University.
  • Elizabeth R. Varon, Department of History, University of Virginia.
  • Eric H. Walther, Department of History, The University of Houston.
  • Joan Waugh, Department of History, University of California, Los Angeles.
• Eric Foner and Linda K. Kerber, "Birthright Citizenship and the 14th Amendment," 2012 Organization of American Historians Annual Meeting, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, C-SPAN, 20 April 2012.
  • Linda K. Kerber, Department of History, University of Iowa.
  • Linda K. Kerber (b. 1940), Wikipedia.
  • Linda K. Kerber, C-SPAN.
  • Linda K. Kerber. Women of the Republic: Intellect and Ideology in Revolutionary America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1980.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Edward L. Ayers, Christy S. Coleman, Eric Foner, Gary W. Gallagher, Thavolia Glymph, "Civil War Historians Discuss the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation," Smithsonian National Museum of American History, Washington, D.C., C-SPAN, 17 September 2012.
  • Dr. Edward L. Ayers, Department of History, University of Richmond.
  • Christy Coleman, The American Civil War Museum, Richmond, Virginia.
  • Gary W. Gallagher, Department of History, University of Virginia.
  • Thavolia Glymph, Department of History, Duke University.
• James "Jim" T. Downs, Eric Foner, Marjorie Johnson, Robin Morris, Khalil Gibran Muhammad, Carl Hancock Rux, Jeffrey Thompson, Isabel Wilkerson, "Emancipation and the Great Migration," New York Public Radio and National Constitution Center, C-SPAN, 08 January 2013.
• Kate Masur, Heather Andrea Williams, Gregory P. Downs, Thavolia Glymph, Steve Hahn, Eric Foner, "Eric Foner's Reconstruction at Twenty-Five," 2013 Organization of American Historians Annual Meeting, San Francisco, California, YouTube, 13 April 2013.
  • Annual Meeting Programs at OAH.
  • Kate Masur, Department of History, Northwestern University.
  • Heather A. Williams, Department of Africana Studies, University of Pennsylvania.
  • Gregory Downs, Department of History, University of California, Davis.
  • Thavolia Glymph, Department of History, Duke University.
  • Steven Hahn, Department of History, New York University.
• Eric Foner and Julie Golia, "The Emancipation Proclamation: Eric Foner and Julie Golia in Conversation," Brooklyn Historical Society, 04 December 2013.
  • Brooklyn Historical Society.
  • Julie Golia, Director of Public History, Board of Trustees and Staff, Brooklyn Historical Society.
  • Julie Golia, Blog, Brooklyn Historical Society.
  • Julie Golia, juliegolia.com.
  • Emancipation Proclamation, signed 22 September 1862, effective 01 January 1863, Wikipedia.
  • Abraham Lincoln, "Proclamation 93 — Declaring the Objectives of the War Including Emancipation of Slaves in Rebellious States on January 1, 1863," 22 September 1862.
    [Abraham Lincoln: "Proclamation 93—Declaring the Objectives of the War Including Emancipation of Slaves in Rebellious States on January 1, 1863," September 22, 1862. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=69782.]
  • Abraham Lincoln, "Proclamation 95 — Regarding the Status of Slaves in States Engaged in Rebellion Against the United States [Emancipation Proclamation]," 01 January 1863.
    [Abraham Lincoln: "Proclamation 95—Regarding the Status of Slaves in States Engaged in Rebellion Against the United States [Emancipation Proclamation]," January 1, 1863. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=69880.]
• Lee C. Bollinger, Craig S. Wilder, Eric Foner, Karl Jacoby, Ansley T. Erickson, "Ebony & Ivy: Race, Slavery, and the Troubled History of America's Universities," Columbia University, 01 April 2014.
  • Lee C. Bollinger, Office of the President, Columbia University.
  • Craig Steven Wilder, History, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
  • Craig Steven Wilder. Ebony & Ivy: Race, Slavery, and the Troubled History of America's Universities. New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2013.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
  • Karl Jacoby, Department of History, Columbia University.
  • Karl Jacoby, Center for the Study of Ethnicity and Race, Columbia University.
  • Ansley T. Erickson, Department of History, Columbia University.
  • Ansley Erickson, Teachers College, Columbia University.
  • See "Columbia University and Slavery," 30 January 2017, below.
• Eric Foner and David Parsons, "Episode 41: Eric Foner [Warning: Loud Music Introduction]," The Nostalgia Trap with David Parsons, 28 March 2015.
  • Episode Information at Jacobin Magazine.
  • The Nostalgia Trap at Jacobin Magazine.
  • nostalgiatrap.libsyn.com.
  Wikipedia Articles:
  • Philip S. Foner (1910–1994).
  • Jack D. Foner (1910–1999).
  • Paul Robeson (1898–1976).
  • W. E. B. Du Bois (1868–1963).
  • Richard Hofstadter (1916–1970).
  • Eugene Genovese (1930–2012).
  • Richard B. Morris (1904–1989).
  • Herbert Gutman (1928–1985).
  Book Discussed:
  • Eric Foner. Gateway to Freedom: The Hidden History of the Underground Railroad. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2015.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com;
    Sydney Howard Gay’s "Record of Fugitives" | Columbia University Libraries.]
• Eric Foner, "Reconstruction and the Fragility of Democracy," National Archives, Washington, D.C., 12 November 2015.
  The event begins at about time 11:00 into the video; Eric Foner begins speaking at about time 21:00.
• Eric Foner and Richard Brookhiser, "Politics of Reconstruction," National Constitution Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, C-SPAN, 09 December 2015.
  • National Constitution Center copy at YouTube.
  • Richard Brookhiser (b. 1955), Wikipedia.
• David W. Blight, Eric Foner, Harold Holzer, Edna Greene Medford, "150th Anniversary of Reconstruction," New York Historical Society, American History TV, C-SPAN, 13 February 2016.
  • David Blight, Department of History, Yale University.
  • David W. Blight (b. 1949), Wikipedia.
  • Harold Holzer, haroldholzer.com.
  • Harold Holzer (b. 1949), Wikipedia.
  • Edna Greene Medford, Department of History, Howard University.
  • Edna Greene Medford, Wikipedia.
• Eric Foner, "Lecture on Reconstruction," Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, 24 March 2016.
  • House Divided, The Civil War Research Engine at Dickinson College.
  • "Reconstruction," House Divided: The Civil War Research Engine at Dickinson College, http://hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu/node/36585.
• Akhil Reed Amar, Tomiko Brown-Nagin, Eric Foner, Amy Dru Stanley, John Fabian Witt, David W. Blight, '“Equal Protection”: Origins and Legacies of the Fourteenth Amendment,' The Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition, Yale University, 31 March 2016.
  • '“Equal Protection”: Origins and Legacies of the Fourteenth Amendment,' News Release, The Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition, Yale University, 31 March 2016.
  • Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, passed by Congress June 1866, ratification completed 09 July 1868, Wikipedia.
  • Akhil Reed Amar, Yale Law School.
  • Tomiko Brown-Nagin, Harvard Law School.
  • Tomiko Brown-Nagin, Department of History, Harvard University.
  • Amy Dru Stanley, University of Chicago Law School.
  • Amy Dru Stanley, Department of History, University of Chicago.
  • John Fabian Witt, Yale Law School.
  • John Fabian Witt, Department of History, Yale University.
  • David W. Blight, Department of History, Yale University.
• Eric Foner and Laura Flanders, "Historian Eric Foner on the Elections, Reconstruction, and Racism Today," The Laura Flanders Show, 19 April 2016.
  • Video at YouTube.
  • The Laura Flanders Show, lauraflanders.com.
  • Laura Flanders (b. 1961), Wikipedia.
• Eric Foner, Michael Allen, Gregory P. Downs, Kate Masur, Jennifer Taylor, "Interpreting Reconstruction," Historic Columbia Foundation and University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, American History TV, C-SPAN, 22 April 2016.
  • Reconstruction Era National Monument, Beaufort, South Carolina, National Park Service.
  • Reconstruction Era National Monument, Wikipedia.
  • Lesson Plans: Was Reconstruction a Revolution?, National Archives.
  • Bill Rauch, "Can the South Make Room for Reconstruction?," The Atlantic, 17 September 2016.
  • Gregory Downs, Department of History, University of California, Davis.
  • Kate Masur, Department of History, Northwestern University.
  Book Mentioned:
  • The Reconstruction Era. Official National Park Service Handbook. National Park Service, 2016.
    [Publisher; Press Release, 21 March 2016.]
• Eric Foner, "Reconstruction," Jepson Leadership Forum, Jepson School of Leadership Studies, University of Richmond, 15 November 2016.
  • About the Jepson Leadership Forum, Jepson School of Leadership Studies, University of Richmond.
  • Reconstruction Era, Wikipedia.
  • Civil Rights Act of 1866, enacted 09 April 1866, Wikipedia.
• Lee C. Bollinger, Eric Foner, and Christopher L. Brown; Jordan Brewington and Jared Odessky, "Columbia University and Slavery," Columbia University, 30 January 2017.
  
  • Columbia University and Slavery.
  • Eric Foner, "A Preliminary Report," Columbia University and Slavery.
  • Gillian B. White and Eric Foner, "How Money from Slave Trading Helped Start Columbia University [an interview with Eric Foner]," The Atlantic, 25 January 2017.
  • Office of the President, Columbia University.
  • Lee Bollinger (b. 1946), Wikipedia.
  • Christopher Brown, Department of History, Columbia University.
  • Craig Steven Wilder. Ebony & Ivy: Race, Slavery, and the Troubled History of America's Universities. New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2013.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Eric Foner and Sam Seder, "American Radicals and the Change We Could Believe In," Majority Report with Sam Seder, 08 February 2017.
  The conversation with Eric Foner begins after time 13:40 and ends at 37:45.
  • Episode Information at Majority Report with Sam Seder.
  • Eric Foner, "American Radicals and the Change We Could Believe In," The Nation, 14 December 2016, print issue 2-9 January 2017.
  Book:
  • Eric Foner. Battles For Freedom: The Use and Abuse of American History - Essays from 'The Nation'. New York: I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd. and The Nation Company, 2017.
    [Book information at The Nation; I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd.; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• David W. Blight, Eric Foner, Harold Holzer, Edna Greene Medford, "Legacy of Reconstruction," New York Historical Society, American History TV, C-SPAN, 11 February 2017.
  (Compare with the similar event on 13 February 2016.)
  • David Blight, Department of History, Yale University.
  • David W. Blight (b. 1949), Wikipedia.
  • Harold Holzer, haroldholzer.com.
  • Harold Holzer (b. 1949), Wikipedia.
  • Edna Greene Medford, Department of History, Howard University.
  • Edna Greene Medford, Wikipedia.
• Eric Foner, "Reconstruction and Civil Rights," U.S. Capitol Historical Society, American History TV, C-SPAN, 11 May 2017.
  • Event Information: 2017 Annual Symposium: Reconstruction, U.S. Capitol Historical Society.

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Video: Lectures in History, C-SPAN

(Lectures addressing the period 1863-1877.)

### Stephen West, "Freedom after the Civil War," Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., 05 November 2015.

• Stephen A. West, Department of History, Catholic University of America.
• Stephen A. West, C-SPAN.
• Stephen A. West. From Yeoman to Redneck in the South Carolina Upcountry, 1850-1915. Charlottesville, Virginia: University of Virginia Press, 2008.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Stephen A. West and others, editors. Freedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation, 1861-1867: Series 3, Volume 2: Land and Labor, 1866-1867. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2013.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]

Wikipedia Articles:

• Special Field Orders No. 15, 16 January 1865.
• Freedmen's Bureau.
• Oliver Otis Howard: Freedmen's Bureau.
• Reconstruction Era: Johnson's presidential Reconstruction.

~~~~~~

### Susanna Lee, "Citizenship During Reconstruction," North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 26 March 2015.

• Dr Susanna Michele Lee, Department of History, North Carolina State University.
• Susanna Michele Lee. Claiming the Union: Citizenship in the Post-Civil War South. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]

Wikipedia Articles:

• Black Codes, 1865 and 1866.
• Civil Rights Act of 1866, enacted 09 April 1866.
• Freedmen's Bureau.
• Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, passed by Congress June 1866, ratification completed 09 July 1868.
• Reconstruction Acts, March 2, 1867; March 23, 1867; July 19, 1867; and March 11, 1868.
• Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified 03 February 1870.

~~~~~~

### Paul Christopher Anderson, "South Carolina During Reconstruction," Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 25 March 2015.

• Paul Christopher Anderson, Department of History, Clemson University.
• Paul Christopher Anderson. Blood Image: Turner Ashby in the Civil War and the Southern Mind. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2002.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]

Books Discussed:

• Eric Foner. A Short History of Reconstruction, Updated Edition. New York: HarperCollins, 2015.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Richard Zuczek. State of Rebellion: Reconstruction in South Carolina. Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, 1996.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Wolfgang Schivelbusch. The Culture of Defeat: On National Trauma, Mourning, and Recovery. 2001. New York: Picador / Metropolitan Books / Henry Holt and Company / Macmillan, 2003.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Mary Boykin Chesnut. Mary Chesnut's Civil War. C. Vann Woodward, editor. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Julia A. Stern. Mary Chesnut's Civil War Epic. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]

~~~~~~

### Charles Calhoun, "Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant," U.S. Naval War College, Newport, Rhode Island, 04 February 2015.

• Charles W. Calhoun, C-SPAN.
• Charles W. Calhoun. The Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 2017.
  [Publisher; Amazon.com.]
• Charles W. Calhoun, editor. The Gilded Age: Perspectives on the Origins of Modern America, Second Edition. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2006.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Charles W. Calhoun. From Bloody Shirt to Full Dinner Pail: The Transformation of Politics and Governance in the Gilded Age. New York: Hill and Wang (Farrar, Straus and Giroux / Macmillan), 2010.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]

Wikipedia Articles:

• Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant, March 1869 - March 1877.

~~~~~~

### Melvin Ely, "Reconstruction and Civil Rights Eras," College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, 22 April 2014.

• Melvin Patrick Ely, Department of History, College of William and Mary.
• Melvin Patrick Ely (b. 1952), Wikipedia.
• Melvin Patrick Ely, C-SPAN.
• Melvin Patrick Ely. Israel on the Appomattox: A Southern Experiment in Black Freedom from the 1790s Through the Civil War. New York: Alfred A. Knopf (Penguin Random House), 2004.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]

~~~~~~

### Michael Ross, "Reconstruction and the 14th Amendment," University of Maryland, College Park, 05 February 2014.

• Michael Ross, Department of History, University of Maryland, College Park.
• Michael A. Ross, C-SPAN.
• Michael A. Ross. Justice of Shattered Dreams: Samuel Freeman Miller and the Supreme Court during the Civil War Era. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2003.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Michael A. Ross. The Great New Orleans Kidnapping Case: Race, Law, and Justice in the Reconstruction Era. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]

Wikipedia Articles:

• Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, passed by Congress June 1866, ratification completed 09 July 1868.

~~~~~~

### Gregory Downs, "The Reconstruction Era," City College of New York, 29 October 2013.

• Gregory Downs, Department of History, University of California, Davis.
• Gregory P. Downs, C-SPAN.
• Gregory P. Downs. After Appomattox: Military Occupation and the Ends of War. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2015.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Gregory P. Downs and Kate Masur, editors. The World the Civil War Made. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2015.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]

~~~~~~

### Shawn Leigh Alexander, "Aftermath of Slavery to Reconstruction," University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 28 February 2013.

• Shawn Alexander, Department of African and African American Studies, University of Kansas.
• William A. Sinclair. The Aftermath of Slavery: A Study of the Condition and Environment of the American Negro. Boston: Small, Maynard & Company, 1905. Introduction by Shawn Alexander. Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, 2012.
  [Archive.org 1905; Google Books 1905; Publisher 2012; Google Books 2012; Amazon.com 2012.]
• Shawn Leigh Alexander. An Army of Lions: The Struggle for Civil Rights before the NAACP. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Shawn Alexander, editor. Reconstruction Violence and the Ku Klux Klan Hearings. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s (Macmillan), 2015.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]

~~~~~~

### Amy Murrell Taylor, "Emancipation During the Civil War," State University of New York, Albany, 10 October 2011.

• Amy Murrell Taylor, Department of History, University of Kentucky.
• Amy Murrell Taylor, C-SPAN.
• Amy Murrell Taylor. The Divided Family in Civil War America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]

Wikipedia Articles:

• Benjamin Butler: Civil War (1818–1893).
• Contraband (American Civil War).
• Confiscation Act of 1861.
• Act Prohibiting the Return of Slaves, March 1862.
• Confiscation Act of 1862, or Second Confiscation Act, July 1862.
• Emancipation Proclamation, signed 22 September 1862, effective 01 January 1863.

~~~~~~

### Robert Kenzer, "Southern Conservatives after the Civil War," University of Richmond, Virginia, 30 November 2010.

• Dr. Robert Kenzer, Department of History, University of Richmond.

Wikipedia Articles:

• Reconstruction Era.
• Ku Klux Klan: First Klan: 1865–1871.
• Enforcement Acts, 1870 and 1871.
• Enforcement Act of 1870, May 1870.
• First Enforcement Act of 1871, February 1871.
• Second Enforcement Act of 1871, April 1871.
• William Woods Holden (1818–1892).
• Vicksburg, Mississippi: Political and racial unrest after the Civil War.
• Adelbert Ames (1835–1933).

~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Other C-SPAN Video:

### Joan Waugh, "Ulysses S. Grant and the Crisis of Reconstruction," Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia, 19 March 2014.

• Event Information at the Miller Center with video and audio.
• Ulysses S. Grant, U.S. Presidents, Miller Center.
• Ulysses S. Grant: Commanding General, Wikipedia.
• Ulysses S. Grant: Presidency (1869–77), Wikipedia.
• Joan Waugh, Department of History, University of California, Los Angeles.
• Joan Waugh, Wikipedia.
• Joan Waugh, C-SPAN.
• Joan Waugh. U. S. Grant: American Hero, American Myth. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2009.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]

~~~~~~

### William Blair, "Treason and Loyalty in the Civil War Era," Civil War Institute, Gettysburg College, 21 June 2015.

• William Blair, Department of History, Pennsylvania State University.
• William A. Blair, Richards Civil War Era Center, Pennsylvania State University.
• William A. Blair, C-SPAN.

Book Discussed:

• William A. Blair. With Malice toward Some: Treason and Loyalty in the Civil War Era. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2014.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]

Wikipedia Articles:

• Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, passed by Congress June 1866, ratification completed 09 July 1868.

~~~~~~

### Gregory Downs, "Consequences of the Civil War," Civil War Institute, Gettysburg College, 21 June 2015.

• Gregory Downs, Department of History, University of California, Davis.
• Mapping Occupation.
• Gregory P. Downs, C-SPAN.

Book Discussed:

• Gregory P. Downs. After Appomattox: Military Occupation and the Ends of War. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2015.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]

~~~~~~

### Mark Summers, "Battle Over Reconstruction," Civil War Institute, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 17 June 2016.

• Mark Summers, Department of History, University of Kentucky.
• Mark Wahlgren Summers, C-SPAN.

Book Discussed:

• Mark Wahlgren Summers. The Ordeal of the Reunion: A New History of Reconstruction. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2014.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]

~~~~~~

### Brooks Simpson, "General Grant and the Continuing Civil War," Civil War Institute, Gettysburg College, 18 June 2016.

• Brooks Simpson, Arizona State University.
• Brooks D. Simpson, Wikipedia.
• Brooks D. Simpson, C-SPAN.

~~~~~~

### Andrew Slap, "Reconstruction in the North," Civil War Institute, Gettysburg College, 18 June 2016.

• Andrew L. Slap, Department of History, East Tennessee State University.

Book Mentioned:

• Andrew L. Slap. The Doom of Reconstruction: The Liberal Republicans in the Civil War Era. New York: Fordham University Press, 2006.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]

~~~~~~

### Abigail Cooper, "Freed People's Refugee Camps," Civil War Institute, Gettysburg College, 18 June 2016.

• Abigail Cooper, Department of History, Brandeis University.

~~~~~~

### Brook Thomas, "Horatio Bateman's "Reconstruction" Engraving," U.S. Capitol Historical Society, American History TV, C-SPAN, 12 May 2017.

• Event Information: 2017 Annual Symposium: Reconstruction, U.S. Capitol Historical Society.
• Brook Thomas, Department of English, University of California, Irvine.

Publications by Horatio Bateman:

• Horatio Bateman. Explanation of Bateman's National Picture of Reconstruction. New York: H. Bateman, 1867.
  [Library of Congress.]
• Horatio Bateman. Reconstruction Illustrated and Explained, with Biographies and Portraits of 250 Distinguished National Men, Together with Business References. New York: H. Bateman, 1870.
  [Archive.org.]
• Horatio Bateman. Biographies of Two Hundred and Fifty Distinguished National Men. New York: John T. Giles & Co., 1871.
  [Archive.org, New York Public Library; Archive.org, Library of Congress.]

~~~~~~

### Michael Vorenberg, "14th Amendment Enforcement and U.S. Military," U.S. Capitol Historical Society, American History TV, C-SPAN, 12 May 2017.

• Event Information: 2017 Annual Symposium: Reconstruction, U.S. Capitol Historical Society.
• Michael Vorenberg, Brown University.
• Michael Vorenberg, Political Theory Project, Brown University.
• Michael Vorenberg, Distinguished Lectureship Program, Organization of American Historians.
• Michael Vorenberg. Final Freedom: The Civil War, the Abolition of Slavery, and the Thirteenth Amendment. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Michael Vorenberg. Emancipation Proclamation: A Brief History with Documents, Bedford Series in History & Culture. Boston and New York: Bedford/St. Martin's (Macmillan), 2010.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]

~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Other Video and Audio:

• James McPherson, "But There Was No Peace: The Aftermath of the Civil War," Stanford University, 13 April 2009.
  • James McPherson, Department of History, Princeton University.
  • James M. McPherson (b.1936), Wikipedia.
  • James M. McPherson, The New York Review of Books.
  • James M. McPherson, C-SPAN.
• Michael Fitzgerald, "Reconstruction in Alabama," Alabama Department of Archives and History, Montgomery, Alabama, 23 March 2017.
  • Alabama Department of Archives and History.
  • Michael Fitzgerald, Department of History, St. Olaf College.
  Book Discussed:
  • Michael W. Fitzgerald. Reconstruction in Alabama: From Civil War to Redemption in the Cotton South. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2017.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
  Wikipedia Articles:
  • History of Alabama: Reconstruction, 1865-1875.
  • William Lowndes Yancey (1814–1863).
  • Robert M. Patton (1809–1885), Conservative Republican Governor 1865–1868.
  • William Hugh Smith (1826–1899), Conservative Republican Governor 1868–1870.
  • Alabama gubernatorial election, 1870.
  • Robert B. Lindsay (1824–1902), Democratic Governor 1870–1872.
  • Alabama gubernatorial election, 1872.
  • David P. Lewis (1820–1884), Republican Governor 1872–1874.
  • George S. Houston (1811–1879), Redeemer Governor 1874–1878.
• Richard Bailey, "Reconstruction in Alabama," Alabama Department of Archives and History, Montgomery, Alabama, 18 June 2009.
  • Alabama Department of Archives and History.
  • Richard Bailey, Pyramid Publishing, Inc.
  • Richard Bailey. Neither Carpetbaggers Nor Scalawags: Black Officeholders During the Reconstruction of Alabama, 1867-1878. Montgomery, Alabama: Richard Bailey Publishers, 1991. Revised Fifth Edition, Montgomery, Alabama: NewSouth Books, 2010.
    [Publisher; Author's Website; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
  • Richard Bailey. They Too Call Alabama Home: African American Profiles 1800-1999. Montgomery, Alabama: Pyramid Publishing, Inc., 1999.
    [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
  • Richard Bailey, Neither Carpetbaggars Nor Scalawags, BookTV, C-SPAN, 19 February 2016.
  Wikipedia Articles:
  • Wager Swayne (1834–1902), military Governor of Alabama, March 1867 to July 1868.
  • William Hugh Smith (1826–1899), Conservative Republican Governor 1868–1870.
  • Reconstruction Acts, March 2, 1867; March 23, 1867; July 19, 1867; and March 11, 1868.
  • Third Military District, comprised Georgia, Florida and Alabama.
  • George E. Spencer (1836–1893), U.S. Senator 1868–1879.
  • Willard Warner (1826–1906), U.S. Senator 1868–1871.
  • Benjamin S. Turner (1825–1894), U.S. Congressman 1871-1873.
  • Robert B. Lindsay (1824–1902), Democratic Governor 1870–1872.
  • David P. Lewis (1820–1884), Republican Governor 1872–1874.
  • Panic of 1873.
  • James T. Rapier (1837–1883), U.S. Congressman 1873-1875.
  • Freedmen's Bureau.
  • Oliver Otis Howard (1830–1909).
• Elliot West, Robert Chester, Robert Voss, Catharine R. Franklin, Jennifer Brown, Mark Long, "A Nation Indivisible: Military, Economic, and Cultural Connections during Greater Reconstruction," 2014 Organization of American Historians Annual Meeting, Atlanta, Georgia, 12 April 2014.
  • Annual Meeting Programs at OAH.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Wikipedia Articles and Period Publications:


~~~~~ Historical Surveys ~~~~~

• History of the United States (1849–65).
• History of the United States (1865–1918).
• Reconstruction Era, 1865 - 1877.
• Timeline of United States history (1860–99).
• History of the Southern United States: Civil War (1861–1865).
• History of the Southern United States: Reconstruction (1863–1877).
• History of the Southern United States: Origins of the New South (1877–1913).
• History of education in the United States.
• American Indian Wars.
• Dunning School.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~ Politics ~~~~~

• Third Party System, 1850s-1890s, Republican Party versus Democratic Party.
• History of the United States Democratic Party.
• History of the United States Republican Party, founded 1854.
• Ethnocultural politics in the United States.
• Radical Republican.
• Carpetbagger.
• Scalawag.
• Bourbon Democrat.
• Redeemers.
• Liberal Republican Party (United States), 1872.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~ Economic History ~~~~~

• Economic history of the United States: The mid 19th century.
• Economic history of the United States: Late 19th century.
• Technological and industrial history of the United States.
• History of banking in the United States.
• Panic of 1873.
• History of agriculture in the United States: Railroad age: 1860–1910.
• History of agriculture in the United States: South, 1860–1940.
• Transportation in the United States: History.
• History of rail transport in the United States.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~ 1860s ~~~~~

• 1860s.
~~~~~ 1861 ~~~~~
• Serfdom in Russia, Emancipation Reform of 1861.
• American Civil War, 1861 - 1865.
~~~~~ 1862 ~~~~~
• Emancipation Proclamation, signed 22 September 1862, effective 01 January 1863.
• Abraham Lincoln, "Proclamation 93 — Declaring the Objectives of the War Including Emancipation of Slaves in Rebellious States on January 1, 1863," 22 September 1862.
  [Abraham Lincoln: "Proclamation 93—Declaring the Objectives of the War Including Emancipation of Slaves in Rebellious States on January 1, 1863," September 22, 1862. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=69782.]
~~~~~ 1863 ~~~~~
• Abraham Lincoln, "Proclamation 95 — Regarding the Status of Slaves in States Engaged in Rebellion Against the United States [Emancipation Proclamation]," 01 January 1863.
  [Abraham Lincoln: "Proclamation 95—Regarding the Status of Slaves in States Engaged in Rebellion Against the United States [Emancipation Proclamation]," January 1, 1863. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=69880.]
• New York City draft riots, 13–16 July 1863.
• Edward Everett (1794-1865) and Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865). An Oration Delivered on the Battlefield of Gettysburg (November 19, 1863): at the Consecration of the Cemetery. New York: Baker & Godwin, 1863.
  [Archive.org.]
• Ten percent plan, executive order issued on 08 December 1863, Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction.
~~~~~ 1864 ~~~~~
• Roger B. Taney, (1777–1864), Chief Justice of the United States, March 1836 – October 1864, died in October 1864.
• United States presidential election, 1864, Lincoln versus McClellan.
  Copperhead.
• Salmon P. Chase (1808–1873), Chief Justice of the United States, December 1864 – May 1873.
~~~~~ 1865 ~~~~~
• Black Codes, 1865 and 1866.
• Freedmen's Bureau, established 03 March 1865.
• Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865). "Second Inaugural Address," 04 March 1865.
  [Abraham Lincoln: "Inaugural Address," March 4, 1865. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=25819.]
  [Wikipedia;Archive.org.]
  Also in: Lincoln: Speeches and Writings 1859-1865. Don E. Fehrenbacher, editor. New York: Library of America, 1989.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
  Also in: American Speeches: Political Oratory from the Revolution to the Civil War. Ted Widmer, editor. New York: Library of America, 2006.
  [Publisher; Google Books; Amazon.com.]
• Conclusion of the American Civil War.
• Reconstruction Era, 1865 - 1877.
• Assassination of Abraham Lincoln, 14 April 1865.
• Presidency of Andrew Johnson, April 1865 - March 1869.
• Jordan Anderson (1825–1907), "Letter from a Freedman to His Old Master," 07 August 1865.
• Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified 06 December 1865.
• Edward Everett Hale (1822-1909), editor. The President's Words: A Selection of Passages from the Speeches, Addresses, and Letters of Abraham Lincoln. Boston: Walker, Fuller, and Company, 1865.
  [Archive.org.]
• Ku Klux Klan: First Klan: 1865–1871.
~~~~~ 1866 ~~~~~
• Civil Rights Act of 1866, enacted 09 April 1866.
• Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, passed by Congress June 1866, ratification completed 09 July 1868.
~~~~~ 1867 ~~~~~
• Tenure of Office Act (1867).
• Reconstruction Acts, March 1867 - March 1868.
• Alaska Purchase, from the Russian Empire, on 30 March 1867.
• Jefferson Davis (1808–1889) released from prison April 1867.
~~~~~ 1868 ~~~~~
• Impeachment of Andrew Johnson, 1868.
  Radical Republican.
• United States presidential election, 1868, Grant versus Seymour.
• Frances Flora Bond Palmer (1812–1876) and Currier and Ives. Across the Continent, 1868.
  Copies at: National Gallery of Art; Philadelphia Museum of Art; Library of Congress.
~~~~~ 1869 ~~~~~
• Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant, March 1869 - March 1877.
• Texas v. White, decided 12 April 1869.
• First Transcontinental Railroad completed May 1869.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~ 1870s ~~~~~

• 1870s.
• Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified 03 February 1870.
• Enforcement Acts, 1870 and 1871.
• Enforcement Act of 1870, May 1870.
~~~~~ 1871 ~~~~~
• First Enforcement Act of 1871, February 1871.
• Paris Commune, March-May 1871.
• Second Enforcement Act of 1871, April 1871.
• Great Chicago Fire, 08-10 October 1871.
~~~~~ 1872 ~~~~~
• Crédit Mobilier of America scandal, 1872.
• Liberal Republican Party (United States), 1872.
• United States presidential election, 1872, Grant versus Greeley.
• John Gast (1842–1896). American Progress, 1872.
  Martha A. Sandweiss, "John Gast, American Progress, 1872," Picturing United States History, City University of New York.
• Henry Wilson (1812–1875). History of the Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in America. In Three Volumes. Boston: James R. Osgood and Company, 1872; 1874; 1877. (Later editions published by Houghton, Mifflin Company.)
  [Archive.org, vol 1 of 3; Archive.org, vol 2 of 3; Archive.org, vol 3 of 3.]
~~~~~ 1873 ~~~~~
• Panic of 1873.
• Colfax massacre, 13 April 1873.
• Slaughter-House Cases, 14 April 1873.
~~~~~ 1874 ~~~~~
• Morrison Waite (1816–1888), Chief Justice of the United States, January 1874 – March 1888.
• United States elections, 1874.
~~~~~ 1875 ~~~~~
• Civil Rights Act of 1875.
~~~~~ 1876 ~~~~~
• Alexander Graham Bell (1847–1922) awarded a United States patent for the electric telephone, March 1876.
• United States v. Cruikshank, 27 March 1876.
• Great Sioux War of 1876.
• Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia, May-November 1876.
• Battle of the Little Bighorn, 25–26 June 1876.
• United States presidential election, 1876, Hayes versus Tilden.
~~~~~ 1877 ~~~~~
• Compromise of 1877.
• Presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes, March 1877 - March 1881.
• Nez Perce War, June – October 1877.
• Great Railroad Strike of 1877, July – September 1877.
• Jim Crow laws.
• New South.