The Fifties.
New York: Villard Books (Random House), 1993.
Book Information: Publisher; Wikipedia; Google Books; Amazon.com.
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Table of Contents
Preface (page ix)
ONE
1 (page 3): Franklin D. Roosevelt –– Great Depression –– World War II –– Thomas E. Dewey –– Robert R. McCormick, publisher of the Chicago Tribune –– United States presidential election, 1948 –– Harry S. Truman –– McCarthyism –– Dean Acheson –– House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) –– Whittaker Chambers, testified before HUAC August 1948, named Alger Hiss among others –– Alger Hiss, convicted of perjury January 1950.
2 (page 20): Harry S. Truman –– Manhattan Project –– J. Robert Oppenheimer –– Edward Teller –– Lewis Strauss –– Joe-1, first Soviet nuclear weapon test, 29 August 1949 –– Oppenheimer security hearing: Postwar conflicts –– Klaus Fuchs –– Nuclear arms race.
3 (page 49): McCarthyism –– Joseph McCarthy –– Robert A. Taft –– Mickey Spillane –– I, the Jury, 1947, Spillane's first novel.
4 (page 62): History of Korea: Modern history –– Division of Korea –– History of North Korea, September 1945 – present –– United States Army Military Government in Korea, September 1945 – August 1948 –– History of South Korea, August 1948 – present –– Korean War, June 1950 – July 1953 –– Korean War: Course of the war.
5 (page 78): Douglas MacArthur –– Battle of Inchon, September 1950 –– Wake Island Conference, 15 October 1950.
6 (page 87): Edward Teller –– Oppenheimer security hearing: Postwar conflicts –– History of the Teller–Ulam design, the "Super" or Thermonuclear weapon –– History of computing hardware: Advent of the digital computer –– History of computing hardware: Stored-program computer –– John von Neumann –– Stanislaw Ulam –– Ivy Mike, first U.S. test of a full-scale thermonuclear device, 01 November 1952 –– Soviet atomic bomb project –– Joe 4, RDS-6s, first Soviet test of a thermonuclear weapon, 12 August 1953 –– Andrei Sakharov, Russian nuclear physicist.
7 (page 101): Korean War: China intervenes (October–December 1950) –– Matthew Ridgway –– Korean War: Fighting around the 38th parallel (January–June 1951) –– President Truman's relief of General Douglas MacArthur, 11 April 1951.
8 (page 116): The American Century or the "Oil Century" –– General Motors (GM) –– Alfred P. Sloan, Chairman of GM 1937–1956 –– "Big Bill" Knudsen, President of GM 1937-1940 –– Charles Erwin Wilson ("Engine Charlie"), President of GM 1941-1953, U.S. Secretary of Defense 1953-1957 –– Reuther's Treaty of Detroit, 1950 –– Charles F. Kettering, head of Research at GM 1920-1947 –– Harley Earl, Vice President of Design at GM 1940–1958 –– Harlow Curtice, CEO of GM 1953-1958 –– Cadillac V8 engine, 1949 –– Chevrolet Corvette, 1953 –– American automobile industry in the 1950s.
9 (page 131): Suburb –– William Levitt –– Levittown, New York.
10 (page 144): Eugene Ferkauf, founder of the discount department store chain E. J. Korvette.
11 (page 155): In 1948 the brothers Richard and Maurice McDonald redesigned and rebuilt their restaurant in San Bernardino, California to focus on hamburgers, milk shakes, and french fries. –– In 1953 the McDonald brothers began franchising their system. –– In 1954 the McDonald brothers met Ray Kroc. –– McDonald's –– History of McDonald's.
12 (page 173): Kemmons Wilson, founder of the Holiday Inn chain of hotels, 1952.
13 (page 180): Television –– History of television –– Television in the United States –– United States in the 1950s: Television –– The Fred Allen Show, radio program, 1932 – 1949 –– Fred Allen –– Search YouTube for The Fred Allen Show –– Milton Berle, "Mr Television" –– Texaco Star Theatre, television program 1948–1956.
14 (page 188): Estes Kefauver, U.S. Senator, January 1949 – August 1963 –– Ed Crump, Memphis political boss –– Kefauver Committee (United States Senate Special Committee to Investigate Crime in Interstate Commerce), 1950–1951 –– Frank Costello.
15 (page 195): Lucille Ball –– Desi Arnaz –– I Love Lucy, television program, October 1951 – May 1957.
16 (page 203): President Truman's relief of General Douglas MacArthur: Aftermath –– Robert A. Taft –– Dwight D. Eisenhower –– Draft Eisenhower movement –– 1952 Republican National Convention –– Herbert Brownell Jr. –– Robert R. McCormick, publisher of the Chicago Tribune –– 1952 Democratic National Convention –– Adlai Stevenson II, Governor of Illinois 1949–1953.
17 (page 224): United States presidential election, 1952, Eisenhower versus Stevenson –– Batten, Barton, Durstine & Osborn (BBDO), advertising agency –– Ben Duffy, President of BBDO 1946–1957 –– Rosser Reeves, advertising executive at the Ted Bates advertising agency, created ads for the Eisenhower campaign –– 1952 Eisenhower vs. Stevenson, Museum of the Moving Image (good source for many television political advertisements) –– Richard Nixon, Checkers speech, 23 September 1952 –– Richard Nixon, 'Checkers' Speech, C-SPAN.org, 23 September 1952 –– "The Eisenhower Story," British Pathé, 1952 –– "The Stevenson Story," British Pathé, 1952 –– CBS News Election Coverage: November 4, 1952, YouTube.
18 (page 243): Dwight D. Eisenhower –– Joseph McCarthy –– Army–McCarthy hearings –– Charles E. Bohlen, US Ambassador to the Soviet Union 1953–1957 –– Edward R. Murrow, "A Report on Senator Joseph R. McCarthy," See It Now, CBS, 09 March 1954 –– Joseph McCarthy, See It Now, CBS, 06 April 1954 –– Edward R. Murrow, See It Now, CBS, 13 April 1954.
19 (page 254): Tennessee Williams, playwright –– A Streetcar Named Desire, 1947 –– Marlon Brando, actor –– Elia Kazan, director –– A Streetcar Named Desire (1951 film).
20 (page 272): Alfred Kinsey –– Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) –– Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953) –– Henry Pitney Van Dusen, President of Union Theological Seminary 1945-1963, Trustee of the Rockefeller Foundation, which funded Kinsey's work –– Reinhold Niebuhr, theologian –– Harry Emerson Fosdick, pastor at Riverside Church, New York –– Dean Rusk, President of the Rockefeller Foundation 1952-1961, which ceased funding Kinsey's work.
21 (page 282): Margaret Sanger –– Katharine McCormick –– Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology –– Gregory Goodwin Pincus –– Min Chueh Chang –– Progesterone.
22 (page 295): Beat Generation –– Lucien Carr –– Jack Kerouac –– Allen Ginsberg –– William S. Burroughs –– Lawrence Ferlinghetti –– Howl, 1956 –– On the Road, 1957.
TWO
23 (page 311): Richard Nixon –– Pat Nixon –– Richard Nixon: Vice Presidency (1953–1961).
24 (page 330): J. Robert Oppenheimer –– History of the Teller–Ulam design –– Edward Teller –– Ivy Mike, first U.S. test of a full-scale thermonuclear device, 01 November 1952 –– Joe 4, RDS-6s, first Soviet test of a thermonuclear weapon, 12 August 1953 –– Castle Bravo, U.S. thermonuclear weapon design test, 01 March 1954 –– Daigo Fukuryū Maru (Lucky Dragon 5), Japanese tuna fishing boat –– J. Edgar Hoover –– Lewis Strauss –– Oppenheimer security hearing, April-May 1954 –– Strategic Air Command (SAC) –– Curtis LeMay, commander of SAC 1948-1957.
25 (page 359): Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower, January 1953 – January 1961 –– Mohammad Mosaddegh, Prime Minister of Iran, July 1952 – August 1953 –– Allen Dulles, Director of the Central Intelligence Agency 1953-1961 –– Kermit ("Kim") Roosevelt Jr., CIA intelligence officer –– 1953 Iranian coup d'état, August 1953.
26 (page 370): John Foster Dulles, U.S. Secretary of State, January 1953 – April 1959 –– Allen Dulles, Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, February 1953 – November 1961 –– United Fruit Company –– Jacobo Árbenz, President of Guatemala, March 1951 – June 1954 –– E. Howard Hunt, CIA intelligence officer –– John Peurifoy, U.S. Ambassador to Guatemala 1953-1954 –– 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état, June 1954 –– Sydney Gruson, journalist –– Arthur Hays Sulzberger, publisher of The New York Times 1935-1961.
27 (page 389): John Foster Dulles, U.S. Secretary of State, January 1953 – April 1959 –– George M. Humphrey, U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, January 1953 – July 1957 –– Charles Erwin Wilson ("Engine Charlie"), U.S. Secretary of Defense, 1953–1957 –– New Look (policy) –– Massive retaliation –– Arthur W. Radford, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1953–1957 –– Matthew Ridgway, Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army, 1953–1957 –– French Indochina –– First Indochina War, December 1946 – July 1954 –– Battle of Dien Bien Phu, March – May 1954 –– Võ Nguyên Giáp –– Vietnam War, November 1955 – April 1975 –– Role of the United States in the Vietnam War.
28 (page 411): Earl Warren, Governor of California, 1943–1953, Chief Justice of the U.S., 1953–1969 –– Warren Court, October 1953 – June 1969 –– Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 –– Brown v. Board of Education, 1954 –– E. Frederic Morrow, White House Administrative Officer for Special Projects, 1955–1961.
29 (page 429): George W. Lee, head of the Belzoni, Mississippi branch of the NAACP, murdered 07 May 1955 –– Lamar Smith, organizer of black voter registration, murdered 13 August 1955 –– Emmett Till, murdered 28 August 1955.
30 (page 442): Great Migration (African American) –– Robert Sengstacke Abbott, founder of The Chicago Defender newspaper, 1905 –– John Daniel Rust, developer of the mechanical Cotton picker –– Mississippi Delta: Agriculture and the Delta economy.
31 (page 456): Sam Phillips, record producer –– Elvis Presley –– Dewey Phillips, disc jockey –– Ed Sullivan –– The Ed Sullivan Show, June 1948 – June 1971 –– James Dean, actor –– Elia Kazan, director –– A Short Vision (1956) [YouTube, Wikipedia], broadcast on The Ed Sullivan Show, 25 May 1956 and 10 June 1956.
32 (page 487): Harlow Curtice, CEO of GM 1953-1958 –– Chevrolet –– Ed Cole, chief engineer of the Chevrolet Division 1952-1956 –– Mamie Van Doren –– '55 Chevy –– American automobile industry in the 1950s.
33 (page 496): Betty Furness, the Lady from Westinghouse –– Search YouTube for Betty Furness Westinghouse –– Advertising –– TV advertisements by country: United States of America.
34 (page 508): Ozzie Nelson –– The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet, 1952–1966 –– Leave It to Beaver, 1957–1963 –– Father Knows Best, 1954–1960 –– Ricky Nelson.
35 (page 521): Sloan Wilson –– The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit (novel), 1955 –– C. Wright Mills –– White Collar: The American Middle Classes, 1951 –– The Power Elite, 1956 –– Listen, Yankee: The Revolution in Cuba, 1960.
THREE
36 (page 539): Rosa Parks –– Montgomery bus boycott, December 1955 — December 1956 –– E. D. Nixon –– Ralph Abernathy –– Martin Luther King Jr. –– Grover C. Hall Jr., editor of the Montgomery Advertiser newspaper.
37 (page 564): Marilyn Monroe –– Joe DiMaggio –– Arthur Miller –– Hugh Hefner –– Playboy magazine, first issue December 1953.
38 (page 577): Grace Metalious –– Peyton Place (novel), 1956 –– Kathryn ("Kitty") Messner, president of Julian Messner publishing house.
39 (page 587): Betty Friedan –– The Feminine Mystique, 1963.
40 (page 599): Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology –– Gregory Goodwin Pincus –– Min Chueh Chang –– John Rock –– Enovid, "The Pill," first approved 1957, contraception indication approval 1960 –– Combined oral contraceptive pill.
41 (page 607): Wernher von Braun –– V-2 rocket –– Sergei Korolev, Soviet rocket engineer –– R-7 Semyorka, Soviet missile –– International Geophysical Year, July 1957 - December 1958 –– Edwin H. Land – Kelly Johnson –– Lockheed U-2, 1955 –– Francis Gary Powers, his first U-2 flight September 1956 –– Sputnik 1, 04 October 1957, first artificial Earth satellite –– Sputnik 2, 03 November 1957 –– Laika, first animal in Earth orbit –– Vanguard TV3 ("Flopnik"), launch failure 06 December 1957 –– Vanguard TV3 Failed Rocket Launch, NASA video –– Vanguard (Flopnik) newsreel –– Explorer 1, first U.S. satellite, launched 31 January 1958 –– Juno I rocket –– Redstone (rocket family) –– Space Race.
42 (page 629): Kensinger Jones, advertising man, writer –– Gerald Schnitzer, filmmaker –– 1958 Chevrolet Impala Commercial, YouTube –– 1959 Chevrolet Station Wagon Commercial, YouTube –– Frederic G. Donner, CEO of GM 1958-1967 –– Volkswagen Beetle –– Ed Cole, general manager of Chevrolet 1956-1961 –– Chevrolet Corvair –– Unsafe at Any Speed, 1965 –– American automobile industry in the 1950s.
43 (page 643): Take It or Leave It, radio quiz show with the $64 dollar question, 1940–1947 –– The $64,000 Question, television quiz show 1955–1958 –– Twenty-One (game show), September 1956 – October 1958 –– Dan Enright, television producer –– Jack Barry (game show host) –– Herb Stempel, quiz show contestant –– Charles Van Doren, quiz show contestant –– Mark Van Doren, father of Charles Van Doren –– Dorothy Van Doren, mother of Charles Van Doren –– Carl Van Doren, uncle of Charles Van Doren –– Richard N. Goodwin, investigator for the congressional committee investigating the television quiz shows –– Julian Krainin, almost produced a documentary series with Charles Van Doren during the 1980s –– 1950s quiz show scandals.
44 (page 667): Little Rock Nine, desegregation of Little Rock Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, September 1957 –– Virgil Blossom, Superintendent of Schools 1953–1958, Little Rock, Arkansas –– Orval Faubus, Governor of Arkansas, January 1955 – January 1967 –– Search Google Images for Will Counts –– Will Counts, photojournalist –– Jess Zimmerman, "Behind the Photo: “She Walked Alone” (Little Rock Nine)," History by Zim: Beyond the Textbooks –– Elizabeth Eckford, student –– Hazel Bryan Massery, student –– Ira A. Lipman, student –– Ernest Green, student –– John Chancellor, NBC television news reporter based in Chicago, covered Little Rock events –– Daisy Bates, President of the Arkansas NAACP –– Harry Ashmore, editor of the Arkansas Gazette newspaper –– Will Campbell (Baptist minister) –– Cooper v. Aaron (1958) –– Civil rights movement –– Bill Russell, basketball player.
45 (page 699): Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower, January 1953 – January 1961 –– Cold War (1953–1962) –– Nikita Khrushchev –– 1960 U-2 incident, 01 May 1960 –– Francis Gary Powers, pilot of crashed U-2.
46 (page 713): History of Cuba –– Republic of Cuba (1902–1959): Batista dictatorship, 1952-1959 –– Fulgencio Batista –– Cuban Revolution, ended 01 January 1959 when Batista fled Cuba –– Fidel Castro –– History of United States foreign policy: Cold War: 1947–91 –– Tad Szulc, journalist –– Kitchen Debate, 24 July 1959 –– Bay of Pigs Invasion, 17 April 1961 –– United States presidential election, 1960, Kennedy versus Nixon –– Presidential Candidates Debate, C-SPAN.org, 26 September 1960, the first of four debates.
Author Interviews for The Fifties (page 735)
Bibliography (page 737)
Notes (page 747)
Index (page 779)
Author's Note (page 799)
About the Author (page 801)
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Other parts of this post:
- Part 1: Halberstam, The Fifties (1993)
- Part 2: Halberstam, The Fifties (1993) - Lectures in History - Selected Lectures on the 1950s
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